Improvement in Newly Defined Continuous Glucose Monitor Metrics, Extended Hypoglycemia, and Extended Hyperglycemia With Automated Insulin Delivery Initiation in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Extended hypoglycemia (Ehypo) and extended hyperglycemia (Ehyper) are recently defined continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics by the International Consensus for clinical trials as secondary endpoints for continuous outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the changes in Ehypo and Ehyper before and after automated insulin delivery (AID) initiation in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Methods: This is a retrospective single-center study that evaluated Ehypo and Ehyper in addition to other CGM metrics in 154 adults that initiated an AID system.

Dental Caries, Race and Incident Ischemic Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and Death.

Background: Dental caries is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. In the United States, untreated dental caries is present in >1 in 5 adults. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between dental caries and incident ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) events, and death.

Activation of mTOR signaling in adult lung microvascular progenitor cells accelerates lung aging.

Reactivation and dysregulation of the mTOR signaling pathway are a hallmark of aging and chronic lung disease; however, the impact on microvascular progenitor cells (MVPCs), capillary angiostasis, and tissue homeostasis is unknown. While the existence of an adult lung vascular progenitor has long been hypothesized, these studies show that Abcg2 enriches for a population of angiogenic tissue-resident MVPCs present in both adult mouse and human lungs using functional, lineage, and transcriptomic analyses. These studies link human and mouse MVPC-specific mTORC1 activation to decreased stemness, angiogenic potential, and disruption of p53 and Wnt pathways, with consequent loss of alveolar-capillary structure and function.

Microcomputed tomography visualization and quantitation of the pulmonary arterial microvascular tree in mouse models of chronic lung disease.

Pulmonary vascular dysfunction is characterized by remodeling and loss of microvessels in the lung and is a major manifestation of chronic lung diseases (CLD). In murine models of CLD, the small arterioles and capillaries are the first and most prevalent vessels that are affected by pruning and remodeling. Thus, visualization of the pulmonary arterial vasculature in three dimensions is essential to define pruning and remodeling both temporally and spatially and its role in the pathogenesis of CLD, aging, and tissue repair.

Periodontal Disease Treatment After Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: The PREMIERS Study, a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack and periodontal disease (PD) are at increased risk for cardiovascular events. PD treatments that can improve stroke risk factors were tested if they might assist patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Methods: In this multicenter phase II trial, patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack and moderately severe PD were randomly assigned to intensive or standard PD treatment arms.

Dental Caries a Risk Factor for Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Introduction: Streptococcus mutans is a known cause of dental caries that contains a collagen-binding protein, Cnm, and exhibits inhibition of platelet aggregation and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation. This strain has been linked to aggravation of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and may be a risk factor for ICH. The purpose of this study was to test the association between dental caries and incident ICH.

Unscheduled care admissions at end-of-life - what are the patient characteristics?

Unscheduled acute hospital admissions and subsequent deaths in hospitals of patients considered palliative are increasing, despite many patients' preference to die at home. A large proportion of these patients are admitted via acute medical units or emergency departments. The integration of primary and secondary care within Wales should enhance the delivery of end-of-life care at home but unscheduled admission for patients with palliative care needs remains prevalent.