Proteomic profiling of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection on dried blood spots.

Background: Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is life-threatening, with a mortality of up to 70-80% when disseminated, often due to vague symptoms and delayed treatment. Neonatal screening using dried blood spot (DBS) samples is among the most impactful preventative health measures ever implemented, but screening for HSV has not been investigated.

Methods: We investigated high throughput multiplexed proteomics on DBS samples collected on days 2-3 of life from a nationwide cohort of neonates with HSV infection (n = 53) and matched controls.

[Not Available].

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a potential complication associated with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Danish guidelines recommend ultrasound follow-up from gestational age (GA) 24+0 in SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women who experience reduced fetal movements. This is a case report of severe IUGR (-51%) after maternal infection at GA 22+1 in a healthy unvaccinated 28-year-old woman.

Birthweight z-score and fat-free mass at birth predict body composition at 3 years in Danish children born from obese mothers.

Aim: We investigated associations between newborn body composition and anthropometry and body composition at 3 years in Danish children born from obese mothers.

Methods: Analyses are based on data from the observational cohort study SKOT II (SKOT; small children's diet and well-being (Danish)). Body composition at birth and at 3 years was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), respectively.

[Possible vertical transmission, prematuredelivery, neonatal morbidity and death in pregnant women with COVID-19].

COVID-19 increases the risk of preterm delivery in Nordic women requiring intensive care but has not been linked to foetal death. We present two cases of mild COVID-19 in pregnant women admitted due to reduced foetal movements. The babies were delivered preterm due to abnormal cardiotocography values.

Lifestyle Intervention in Pregnant Women With Obesity Impacts Cord Blood DNA Methylation, Which Associates With Body Composition in the Offspring.

Maternal obesity may lead to epigenetic alterations in the offspring and might thereby contribute to disease later in life. We investigated whether a lifestyle intervention in pregnant women with obesity is associated with epigenetic variation in cord blood and body composition in the offspring. Genome-wide DNA methylation was analyzed in cord blood from 208 offspring from the Treatment of Obese Pregnant women (TOP)-study, which includes pregnant women with obesity randomized to lifestyle interventions comprised of physical activity with or without dietary advice versus control subjects (standard of care).

Newborn body composition after maternal bariatric surgery.

Introduction: In pregnancy after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), there is increased risk of low birthweight in the offspring. The present study examined how offspring body composition was affected by RYGB.

Material And Methods: Mother-newborn dyads, where the mothers had undergone RYGB were included.

No long-term effect of oral stimulation on the intra-oral vacuum in healthy premature infants.

Aim: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life, but the breastfeeding rate in premature infants is low. We examined the effect of oral stimulation on infant's strength of suction and the relation between this intra-oral vacuum and breastfeeding duration.

Method: Between 2016 and 2018, 211 infants in a Danish neonatal unit were randomised 1:1 and of these 108 to oral stimulation intervention and 103 to control.

The Influence of Maternal Obesity and Breastfeeding on Infant Appetite- and Growth-Related Hormone Concentrations: The SKOT Cohort Studies.

Background/aims: Exposure to obesity during pregnancy may lead to adverse changes in the offspring's metabolic profile. We compared appetite- and growth-related hormones in a cohort of infants born to obese mothers (SKOT-II) with infants born mainly to nonobese mothers (SKOT-I).

Methods: Infants from SKOT-I (n = 273) and SKOT-II (n = 132) were examined including anthropometric measurements and blood samples analyzed for glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), adiponectin, and leptin.

Effects of probiotics (Vivomixx®) in obese pregnant women and their newborn: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Maternal obesity is associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy-related complications and outcomes for both mothers and infants. Overweight and obese women have an increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Infant Body Mass index (BMI) and the risk of obesity in adulthood are related to maternal gestational weight gain (GWG).

Glucose tolerance in obese pregnant women determines newborn fat mass.

Introduction: Offspring of obese women have both short-term and long-term increased morbidities. We investigated the relationship between maternal 2-h plasma glucose level determined by an oral glucose tolerance test, degree of obesity, gestational weight gain and total fat, abdominal fat, and fat-free masses in the offspring of obese mothers.

Material And Methods: Obese mother-newborn dyads were recruited and 2-h plasma glucose levels were assessed during gestational weeks 27-30; neonatal body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning (DXA) within 48 h of birth.

Intake of carbohydrates during pregnancy in obese women is associated with fat mass in the newborn offspring.

Background: Transmission of obesity across generations is of concern. Offspring of obese women have short- and long-term increased morbidities. A high intake of carbohydrate during pregnancy combined with impaired glucose tolerance is postulated to result in high birth weight, which is linked to subsequent metabolic disease.

Intake of Sweets, Snacks and Soft Drinks Predicts Weight Gain in Obese Pregnant Women: Detailed Analysis of the Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: Lifestyle interventions targeting obese pregnant women often result in modest reduction in gestational weight gain, pregnancy complications and related risk factors. Examining adherence to the intervention can, however, provide valuable information on the importance of the different factors targeted.

Objective: To evaluate improvements and relevance of different dietary factors targeted with respect to gestational weight gain in a 3-arm Randomised Controlled Trial (n=342) among obese pregnant women with BMI≥30 kg/m2.

The Association between Newborn Regional Body Composition and Cord Blood Concentrations of C-Peptide and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I.

Background: Third trimester fetal growth is partially regulated by C-peptide and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Prenatal exposures including maternal obesity and high gestational weight gain as well as high birth weight have been linked to subsequent metabolic disease. We evaluated the associations between newborn regional body composition and cord blood levels of C-peptide and IGF-I.

Indicators of dietary patterns in Danish infants at 9 months of age.

Background: It is important to increase the awareness of indicators associated with adverse infant dietary patterns to be able to prevent or to improve dietary patterns early on.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between a wide range of possible family and child indicators and adherence to dietary patterns for infants aged 9 months.

Design: The two dietary patterns 'Family Food' and 'Health-Conscious Food' were displayed by principal component analysis, and associations with possible indicators were analysed by multiple linear regressions in a pooled sample (n=374) of two comparable observational cohorts, SKOT I and SKOT II.

DXA performance in a pediatric population: precision of body composition measurements in healthy term-born infants using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been hailed as a golden standard for measuring body composition in adults but remains to be fully assessed for the infant population. A total of 64 newborn infants were allocated to 1 of 3 groups. All underwent 2 Hologic Discovery A DXA scans.

The Treatment of Obese Pregnant Women (TOP) study: a randomized controlled trial of the effect of physical activity intervention assessed by pedometer with or without dietary intervention in obese pregnant women.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess physical activity intervention assessed by a pedometer with or without dietary intervention on gestational weight gain (GWG) in obese pregnant women by comparing with a control group.

Study Design: This study was a randomized controlled trial of 425 obese pregnant women comparing 3 groups: (1) PA plus D, physical activity and dietary intervention (n = 142); (2) PA, physical activity intervention (n = 142); and (3) C, a control group receiving standard care (n = 141). All participants routinely in gestational weeks 11-14 had an initial dietary counseling session and were advised to limit GWG to less than 5 kg.

Telephone-based support prolongs breastfeeding duration in obese women: a randomized trial.

Background: Obese women often have difficulties breastfeeding.

Objective: We evaluated whether telephone-based support could increase the duration of breastfeeding in obese women and, thereby, reduce offspring growth.

Design: We recruited 226 dyads of obese mothers and their singleton, healthy, term infants.

The effect of 2 M hydrochloric acid on silicone rubber central venous catheters.

Background: It has been suggested that the instillation of 2 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) can clear bacterial and fungal colonization in central venous catheters (CVCs). The aim of the study was to determine the physical effect of HCl on the inner surface of silicone rubber Hickman CVCs.

Methods: Five CVCs had 2 M HCl installed and 5 CVCs had saline installed for 30 minutes once a week for 12 weeks.