Point and interval estimates of percentile ranks for scores on the Texas Functional Living Scale.

Point and interval estimates of percentile ranks are useful tools in assisting with the interpretation of neurocognitive test results. We provide percentile ranks for raw subscale scores on the Texas Functional Living Scale (TFLS; Cullum, Weiner, & Saine, 2009) using the TFLS standardization sample data (N = 800). Percentile ranks with interval estimates are also provided for the overall TFLS T score.

Surrogacy families: parental functioning, parent-child relationships and children's psychological development at age 2.

Background: Findings are presented of the second phase of a longitudinal study of families created through surrogacy.

Methods: At the time of the child's 2nd birthday, 37 surrogacy families were compared with 48 egg donation families and 68 natural conception families on standardised interview and questionnaire measures of the psychological well-being of the parents, parent-child relationships and the psychological functioning of the child.

Results: The surrogacy mothers showed more positive parent-child relationships, and the surrogacy fathers reported lower levels of parenting stress, than their natural conception counterparts.

Parenting infants conceived by gamete donation.

In recent years, concerns have been raised regarding the potentially negative consequences of gamete donation for parent-child relationships. Findings are presented of a study of families with an infant conceived by gamete donation. Fifty donor insemination families and 51 egg donation families were compared with 80 natural conception families on standardized interview and questionnaire measures of the psychological well-being of the parents, the quality of parent-child relationships, and infant temperament.

Offspring created as a result of donor insemination: a study of family relationships, child adjustment, and disclosure.

Objective: To compare the quality of family relationships and children's socioemotional adjustment in families created by donor insemination where parents tended either toward disclosure or nondisclosure.

Design: A study of 46 families with a child aged 4-8 years who was conceived through donor insemination. The study used standardized interview data from mothers and fathers, teachers, and the children themselves.

Families created through surrogacy arrangements: parent-child relationships in the 1st year of life.

Findings are presented of a study of families created through surrogacy arrangements. Forty-two surrogacy families were compared with 51 egg-donation families and 80 natural-conception families on standardized interview and questionnaire measures of the psychological well-being of the parents, the quality of parent-child relationships, and infant temperament. The differences that were identified between the surrogacy families and the other family types indicated greater psychological well-being and adaptation to parenthood by mothers and fathers of children born through surrogacy arrangements than by the natural-conception parents.

Pressure ulcer risk assessment: application of logistic analysis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relative importance of key factors affecting the likelihood of hospital acquired pressure ulcers, thus offering the groundwork for the development of an empirically-based risk assessment scale. It also evaluated the predictive performance of the underlying empirical model and compared its classification ability with the empirically observed ability of the Waterlow risk assessment scale.

Background: Pressure ulcers impose a significant burden on patients and carers and demand substantial resources from the health care system.

Surrogacy: the experiences of surrogate mothers.

Background: This study examined the motivations, experiences and psychological consequences of surrogacy for surrogate mothers.

Methods: Thirty-four women who had given birth to a surrogate child approximately 1 year previously were interviewed by trained researchers, and the data rated using standardized coding criteria. Information was obtained on: (i) reasons for the woman's decision to become a surrogate mother; (ii) her retrospective view of the relationship with the commissioning couple before the pregnancy, during the pregnancy, and after the birth; (iii) her experiences during and after relinquishing the child; and (iv) how others reacted to her decision to become a surrogate mother.

Surrogacy: the experience of commissioning couples.

Background: Findings are presented of a study of families with a child created through a surrogacy arrangement. This paper focuses on the commissioning couples' reports of their experiences.

Methods: A total of 42 couples with a 1-year-old child born through surrogacy were assessed using a standardized semi-structured interview.

Reassurance through surveillance in the face of clinical uncertainty: the experience of women at risk of familial breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the main issues raised by clinicians when they are counselling women at risk of breast cancer and explore the response of a group of women 1 year after counselling. DESIGN: A qualitative study which involved the thematic analysis of a series of transcripts from clinical consultations, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. PARTICIPANTS: First, a series of clinical consultations (n=153), involving seven clinicians, were randomly selected during a Medical Research Council funded study of genetic assessment (TRACE).