Basal-bolus or premixed? Shedding light on optimal insulin regime for type 1 diabetes.

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we highlight original research that will help to guide the choice of insulin administration regimes for children with type 1 diabetes. We also investigate whether a common medication for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder worsens sleep problems among these children, and discover a new approach to maximize the lifetime of a fragile piece of surgical equipment.

Dengue in Taiwan: Pointing the finger at Aedes aegypti.

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal we explore the history of dengue infection in Taiwan and what current trends have to say about the vector responsible for transmitting the disease on the island. We focus on original research reporting the development of a new perfusion bioreactor to engineer bone from human cord blood stem cells. Finally, we look at trends in osteoporosis in Taiwan and how they highlight the success of public health campaigns.

The influenza chronicles: From the 1918 pandemic to current understanding of host defense mechanisms.

In this special edition of the Biomedical Journal, we learn about the battle between host and influenza virus at the respiratory epithelium, and how the history of influenza pandemics has driven both major advances in the understanding of immunology and planning for future outbreaks. We also learn of a nanoparticle system that holds promise for photodynamic therapy in breast cancer. Finally, we add evidence to the debate of the safety of a minimally invasive technique for aortic valve replacement in elderly patients.

Tainted air: The link between pollution and Alzheimer's disease.

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we learn how air pollution may contribute to cognitive decline and even increase risk for Alzheimer's disease. We also highlight original research documenting the body's response to infection with a common oral pathogen. Finally, we learn how a cellular antioxidant protein protects against mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Saliva biomarkers in neurological disorders: A "spitting image" of brain health?

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we learn how biomarkers in saliva may be able to provide insight into the health of the brain and the central nervous system. We also discover how computational modeling can help to identify potential epitopes for vaccine development against Chlamydia, the world's most common sexually transmitted infection.

Microbes are off the menu: Defective macrophage phagocytosis in COPD.

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we learn about the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and how defective macrophage phagocytosis may lead to the build up of microbes and pollutants in inflamed lungs. We also focus on new findings that may take us a step closer to full automation in diagnostic bacteriology laboratories. Finally, we highlight the anti-tumor properties of microalgae and the application of algorithms to predict human emotion from electrocardiogram.

Oxidative stress and diabetes: Glucose response in the cROSsfire.

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we discuss the emerging role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development of insulin resistance and ultimately type 2 diabetes. We focus also on research investigating the outcome of in vitro fertilization after laproscopic surgery for ovarian endometriosis. Finally, we learn the results of a study on the hunt for new probiotic bacteria.

Radiotherapy and the tumor microenvironment: The "macro" picture.

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we explore the inner workings of tumor-associated macrophages and seek to understand how these cells can boost or limit the efficacy of radiotherapy, depending on the context. We also highlight a study revealing that staffing patterns in the intensive care unit may affect the outcome of patients with severe sepsis. Finally, we learn how an advanced imaging technique can improve endodontic treatment planning.

Can cannibalizing cancer cells challenge classic cell death classification?

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we learn about a novel are still largely mysterious mechanism of cell death that is challenging classification systems of cell death pathways and could have important implications for future cancer therapy. We also learn of a promising biomarker to stratify patients into risk groups after stroke. Finally, this issue also includes two studies investigating factors that influence outcome after heart surgery.

Make immunological peace not war: Potential applications of tolerogenic dendritic cells.

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we explore the powerful immunosuppressive properties of tolerogenic dendritic cells and discuss their potential to bring about lifelong tolerance in transplantation and autoimmune disease. We also highlight an exciting new development in the field of malaria diagnosis that could facilitate early detection of the disease.

Food for thought: Autophagy researcher wins 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

This special edition of the Biomedical Journal honors the awarding of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine to Yoshinori Ohsumi for his pioneering work on elucidating the mechanisms of autophagy. We also highlight a study reporting a new and simple animal model for a widespread surgical technique called interbody spinal fusion. Finally, this issue also includes two articles reporting protocols that could produce specific cell types for cell based therapies.

Pralidoxime and pesticide poisoning: A question of severity?

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we highlight new data supporting the use of pralidoxime in the treatment of cases of organophosphate poisoning, which also suggest that WHO treatment guidelines should be updated. We also learn about a modified surgical technique to repair severe spinal injuries, as well as new insight into the structure of human adenovirus that could inform vaccine development.

The inflammasome: Friend or foe in Chlamydia infection?

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we take a look at the still somewhat perplexing role of the inflammasome in Chlamydia infection. We also highlight findings suggesting a link between structural changes to arteries in the brain and the onset of depression. Finally, we learn about some of the implications of co-morbidity between diabetes and infectious diseases.

The dual role of ROS, antioxidants and autophagy in cancer.

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we highlight a review revealing that the effect of autophagy, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants in cancer may be a question of timing and context. We also discuss original research showing that the prevalence of cleft lip with or without palate in Taiwan has declined over the past 20 years, and what this might mean in terms of trends in abortion. Finally, we also learn about risk factors for recurrent hospital-acquired infection with multi-drug resistant bacteria, and the value of dental screening for patients with tinnitus.

Helicobacter pylori's road to colonization.

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal we learn about the virulence factors that have made Helicobacter pylori such a successful pathogen. We also highlight some in vitro findings that may shed light on epithelial-mesenchymal transition that occurs during renal fibrosis. This issue also includes the findings of clinical trials testing the effectiveness of drugs to limit nausea in chemotherapy patients and the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Positive perspectives from proton therapy.

In this issue of the Biomedical Journal, we take a look at some of the benefits of proton therapy, which is an emerging technique in cancer treatment and highlight an animal study, showing that a common fruit ripening agent is toxic when used in excessive doses. Finally, this issue includes reports that shed light on the genetics of stroke and childhood leukemia.