Alcohol use among HIV-positive women of childbearing age, United States, 2013-2014.

More than one-quarter of the adults living with diagnosed HIV infection in the US are women. Binge drinking (i.e.

A National Behavioral and Clinical Surveillance System of Adults With Diagnosed HIV (The Medical Monitoring Project): Protocol for an Annual Cross-Sectional Interview and Medical Record Abstraction Survey.

Background: The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is a national population-based behavioral and clinical surveillance system of adults with diagnosed HIV in the United States, and it is sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Its purpose is to provide locally and nationally representative estimates of factors affecting HIV transmission risk and clinical outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the rationale for and methodology of the MMP, in addition to its contribution to evaluating and monitoring HIV prevention, care, and treatment efforts in the United States.

Mental health, substance use and HIV risk behaviors among HIV-positive adults who experienced homelessness in the United States - Medical Monitoring Project, 2009-2015.

Homelessness is a challenge to retention in HIV care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. We describe the sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of HIV-positive adults who reported recent homelessness. The Medical Monitoring Project is a complex sample survey of HIV-positive adults receiving medical care in the United States.

Use of Recommended Preventive Health Care Services and Variations in HIV Care Among Women With HIV in the United States, 2013-2014: Opportunities for Expanded Partnerships in Support of Ending the HIV Epidemic.

Background: Despite recommendations for preventive health services and routine HIV care for HIV-positive women, limited data are available regarding uptake of recommendations.

Methods: We used data from the 2013-2014 data cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project. We calculated weighted estimates and used multivariable logistic regression with adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals to examine associations between preventive health screenings, routine HIV care [based on viral load (VL) and CD4 measures as proxies], and sociodemographic factors.

Psychological and social determinants of health, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, and viral suppression among HIV-positive black women in care.

Black women are disproportionately affected by HIV, accounting for 61% of women diagnosed in 2016. Black women with HIV are less likely to be adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and virally suppressed compared to women of other racial/ethnic groups. We analyzed 2013-2014 data from 1703 black women patients in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Medical Monitoring Project to examine whether select psychological and social determinants of health (SDH) factors were associated with ART adherence and viral suppression.

Differences by Sex in Cardiovascular Comorbid Conditions Among Older Adults (Aged 50-64 or ≥65 Years) Receiving Care for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Background: Differences by sex in cardiovascular comorbid conditions among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons aged 50-64 years have been understudied; even fewer data are available for persons aged ≥65 years.

Methods: We used matched interview and medical record abstraction data from the 2009-2012 data cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project, a nationally representative sample of HIV-infected adults in care. We included men and women aged 50-64 and ≥65 years at time of interview.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Viral Suppression Among HIV-Positive Women in Care.

Background: Women with HIV diagnoses are less likely to be virally suppressed than men. Women of different racial/ethnic groups may be differentially affected by sociodemographic factors. We examined differences in viral suppression among women by race/ethnicity and associated variables to inform prevention interventions.

Unplanned pregnancies and contraceptive use among HIV- positive women in care.

Among 230,360 women with diagnosed HIV in the United States (U.S.), ~ 8,500 give birth annually, and unplanned pregnancies (as with HIV-negative women) are prevalent.

Trends in cigarette smoking among adults with HIV compared with the general adult population, United States - 2009-2014.

Smoking increases HIV-related and non-HIV-related morbidity and mortality for persons with HIV infection. We estimated changes in cigarette smoking among adults with HIV and adults in the general U.S.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Among Older Women with HIV.

Objectives: To inform the development of HIV care strategies for older women with HIV infection, an understudied group, we compared the psychosocial, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of HIV-positive women aged ≥50 (older women) with those aged 18-49 (younger women).

Methods: We examined factors among HIV-positive women in care using data from the 2009 through 2013 cycles of a nationally representative sample of HIV-positive adults in care (Medical Monitoring Project). We compared psychosocial, clinical, and behavioral factors among women aged ≥50 years at interview versus those aged <50 years.

Factors Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Transgender Women Receiving HIV Medical Care in the United States.

Purpose: We examined factors associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among transgender women living with HIV (TWLWH).

Methods: We used combined data from the 2009 to 2013 cycles of Medical Monitoring Project, an HIV surveillance system designed to produce nationally representative estimates of the characteristics of HIV-infected adults receiving HIV medical care in the United States. Rao-Scott chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with dose adherence (defined as taking 100% of prescribed ART doses in the past 3 days).

Design and Weighting Methods for a Nationally Representative Sample of HIV-infected Adults Receiving Medical Care in the United States-Medical Monitoring Project.

Background: Health surveys of the general US population are inadequate for monitoring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because the relatively low prevalence of the disease (<0.5%) leads to small subpopulation sample sizes.

Objective: To collect a nationally and locally representative probability sample of HIV-infected adults receiving medical care to monitor clinical and behavioral outcomes, supplementing the data in the National HIV Surveillance System.

A Matter of Perspective: Comparison of the Characteristics of Persons with HIV Infection in the United States from the HIV Outpatient Study, Medical Monitoring Project, and National HIV Surveillance System.

Comparative analyses of the characteristics of persons living with HIV infection (PLWH) in the United States (US) captured in surveillance and other observational databases are few. To explore potential joint data use to guide HIV treatment and prevention in the US, we examined three CDC-funded data sources in 2012: the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), a multisite longitudinal cohort; the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP), a probability sample of PLWH receiving medical care; and the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS), a surveillance system of all PLWH. Overall, data from 1,697 HOPS, 4,901 MMP, and 865,102 NHSS PLWH were analyzed.

Characteristics of Transgender Women Living with HIV Receiving Medical Care in the United States.

Purpose: Little has been reported from population-based surveys on the characteristics of transgender persons living with HIV. Using Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) data, we describe the characteristics of HIV-infected transgender women and examine their care and treatment needs.

Methods: We used combined data from the 2009 to 2011 cycles of MMP, an HIV surveillance system designed to produce nationally representative estimates of the characteristics of HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States, to compare demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics, and met and unmet needs for supportive services of transgender women with those of non-transgender persons using Rao-Scott chi-square tests.

Screening for Cervical Cancer and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among HIV-Infected Women.

Background: Women living with HIV infection are at higher risk for cervical cancer, an AIDS-defining diagnosis. We examined the prevalence of cervical cancer and sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women and factors associated with the receipt of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests.

Methods: We did a cross-sectional analysis of weighted data from a sample of HIV-infected adults receiving outpatient medical care.

Nearly Half Of US Adults Living With HIV Received Federal Disability Benefits In 2009.

The effects of HIV infection on national labor-force participation have not been rigorously evaluated. Using data from the Medical Monitoring Project and the National Health Interview Survey, we present nationally representative estimates of the receipt of disability benefits by adults living with HIV receiving care compared with the general US adult population. We found that in 2009, adults living with HIV were nine times more likely than adults in the general population to receive disability benefits.

Service Delivery and Patient Outcomes in Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program-Funded and -Nonfunded Health Care Facilities in the United States.

Importance: Outpatient human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) health care facilities receive funding from the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) to provide medical care and essential support services that help patients remain in care and adhere to treatment. Increased access to Medicaid and private insurance for HIV-infected persons may provide coverage for medical care but not all needed support services and may not supplant the need for RWHAP funding.

Objective: To examine differences between RWHAP-funded and non-RWHAP-funded facilities and in patient outcomes between the 2 systems.

Bacterial sexually transmitted infections among HIV-infected patients in the United States: estimates from the Medical Monitoring Project.

Background: Bacterial sexually transmitted infections may facilitate HIV transmission. Bacterial sexually transmitted infection testing is recommended for sexually active HIV-infected patients annually and more frequently for those at elevated sexual risk. We estimated percentages of HIV-infected patients in the United States receiving at least one syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia test, and repeat (≥2 tests, ≥3 months apart) tests for any of these sexually transmitted infections from mid-2008 through mid-2010.

Cigarette smoking prevalence among adults with HIV compared with the general adult population in the United States: cross-sectional surveys.

Background: The negative health effects of cigarette smoking and HIV infection are synergistic.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of current cigarette smoking and smoking cessation between adults with HIV receiving medical care and adults in the general population.

Design: Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys.

Vital Signs: HIV diagnosis, care, and treatment among persons living with HIV--United States, 2011.

In the United States, an estimated 1.2 million persons are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a serious infection that, if untreated, leads to illness and premature death. Persons living with HIV who use antiretroviral therapy (ART) and achieve very low levels of the virus (suppressed viral load) can have a nearly normal life expectancy and have very low risk for transmitting HIV to others.

Sexual risk behaviour and viral suppression among HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States.

Objective: To describe the prevalence and association of sexual risk behaviours and viral suppression among HIV-infected adults in the United States.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of weighted data from a probability sample of HIV-infected adults receiving outpatient medical care. The facility and patient response rates were 76 and 51%, respectively.

Behavioral and clinical characteristics of persons receiving medical care for HIV infection - Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2009.

Problem: As of December 31, 2009, an estimated 864,748 persons were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and six U.

Unplanned pregnancies among HIV-infected women in care-United States.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of unplanned pregnancies among HIV-infected women in care in the United States.

Methods: We used the 2007-2008 cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project, which collected data on HIV-infected adults in care. Women were included if they had an HIV diagnosis before 45 years of age and responded to questions about pregnancies and pregnancy planning after HIV diagnosis.

Differences in human immunodeficiency virus care and treatment among subpopulations in the United States.

Importance: Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, prompt linkage to and sustained care, and antiretroviral therapy are associated with reduced individual morbidity, mortality, and transmission of the virus. However, levels of these indicators may differ among population groups with HIV. Disparities in care and treatment may contribute to the higher incidence rates among groups with higher prevalence of HIV.

Clinical and behavioral characteristics of adults receiving medical care for HIV infection --- Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2007.

Problem: As of December 31, 2008, an estimated 663,084 persons were living with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the 40 U.S. states that have had confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006.