Hypersensitivity Reactions to Components of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices and Their Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to components of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are rare but difficult to differentiate from device infection. Data on best management strategies of HSRs to CIEDs are lacking. The aims of this systematic review are to summarise the available literature on the aetiology, diagnosis and management of HSR in CIED patients and to provide guidance on best management strategies for these patients.

Now You See It….: When Lead Positions Tell 2 Stories.

The field of heart transplantation has seen considerable innovation over the years. Understanding the wide range of presentations in patients who have undergone operations we now consider historical remains important. This case illustrates the complexities of management in a patient with a previous heart transplant who presented with ventricular tachycardia.