SVC obstruction and stridor relieved by nasogastric tube insertion.

Achalasia is an idiopathic motility disorder of the oesophagus of increasing incidence. It is characterized by aperistalsis of the lower oesophagus and failure of relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Patients classically present with chronic symptoms of dysphagia, chest pain, weight loss and regurgitation, and they commonly suffer pulmonary complications such as recurrent microaspiration of static, retained food contents of the upper oesophagus.

Variations in oral vitamin and mineral supplementation following bariatric gastric bypass surgery: a national survey.

Background: Bariatric surgery (including gastric bypass) is associated with long-term deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, which may have deleterious effects on physiology. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists' (AACE) guidelines regarding post-operative vitamin supplementation have recently been endorsed by the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO). Supplements have cost implications.