Obesity is associated with higher levels of circulating cytokines involved in the development of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV.

Background: Obesity is increasingly described in people living with HIV (PLWH), but its impact on immune activation and inflammation in HIV is still poorly characterised. We aimed to analyse the difference in circulating cytokines involved in pathways associated with co-morbidities in PLWH according to the presence or absence of obesity.

Methods: Age and sex matched PLWH with and without obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) from a multicentre, prospective cohort were recruited with a 1:2 ratio.

Preoperative Considerations for the Frail Patient.

Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome, the relevance of which is becoming increasingly apparent in the clinical setting. It is often accompanied by varying degrees of sarcopenia and/or osteoporosis, leading to a decline in physical function, decreased levels of physical activity, and overall poorer health outcomes in older adults. Identifying this cohort of patients before stressor events such as spinal surgery can prove paramount to improving the postoperative outcomes of these patients.

A community based approach to reduce the incidence of preventable pressure ulcers.

The prevention of pressure ulcers in the community is a major challenge for healthcare organisations. Pressure ulcers cost the NHS millions of pounds in treatment and prevention strategies. Everyone involved in the care of individuals at risk of developing pressure ulcers has a role to play in their prevention.