Is carbon monoxide testing in pregnancy an acceptable and effective smoking cessation initiative? An integrative systematic review of evidence.

Problem: Over 25000 Australian women smoke during pregnancy each year, with risks to mother and baby including miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, placental issues, premature birth, and stillbirth.

Background: Carbon Monoxide testing has been introduced in antenatal care settings to help identify smokers and motivate them to quit.

Aim: This integrative systematic review aims to take a holistic look at Carbon Monoxide (CO) testing to understand how effective and acceptable this practice is in antenatal care.