An Ovarian Steroid Metabolomic Pathway Analysis in Basal and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-like Gonadotropin Conditions Reveals a Hyperandrogenic Phenotype Measured by Mass Spectrometry.

Prior work has demonstrated that murine ovarian explants and isolated ovarian follicles can recapitulate human-like 28-day cycles in vitro with normal patterns of estradiol and progesterone secretion in response to gonadotropin stimulation. The objective of this study was to manipulate the gonadotropin stimulation protocol to mimic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and assess the resulting changes in ovarian steroidogenesis. A secondary aim of the study was to develop a high-throughput, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to measure seven steroid hormones (estrone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dihydrotestosterone) in conditioned culture media.

Fallopian Tube-Derived Tumor Cells Induce Testosterone Secretion from the Ovary, Increasing Epithelial Proliferation and Invasion.

The fallopian tube epithelium is the site of origin for a majority of high grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC). The chemical communication between the fallopian tube and the ovary in the development of HGSOC from the fallopian tube is of interest since the fimbriated ends in proximity of the ovary harbor serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STICs). Epidemiological data indicates that androgens play a role in ovarian carcinogenesis; however, the oncogenic impact of androgen exposure on the fallopian tube, or tubal neoplastic precursor lesions, has yet to be explored.

Ultrasound Shear Wave Velocity Varies Across Anatomical Region in Bovine Ovaries.

The physical properties of the ovarian extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate the function of ovarian cells, specifically the ability of the ovary to maintain a quiescent primordial follicle pool while allowing a subset of follicles to grow and mature in the estrous cycle. Design of a long-term, cycling artificial ovary has been hindered by the limited information regarding the mechanical properties of the ovary. In particular, differences in the mechanical properties of the two ovarian compartments, the cortex and medulla, have never been quantified.

Author Correction: Engineered reproductive tissues.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Engineered reproductive tissues.

Engineered male and female biomimetic reproductive tissues are being developed as autonomous in vitro units or as integrated multi-organ in vitro systems to support germ cell and embryo function, and to display characteristic endocrine phenotypic patterns, such as the 28-day human ovulatory cycle. In this Review, we summarize how engineered reproductive tissues facilitate research in reproductive biology, and overview strategies for making engineered reproductive tissues that might eventually allow the restoration of reproductive capacity in patients.

Employing PEG crosslinkers to optimize cell viability in gel phase bioinks and tailor post printing mechanical properties.

The field of 3D bioprinting has rapidly grown, yet the fundamental ability to manipulate material properties has been challenging with current bioink methods. Here, we change bioink properties using our PEG cross-linking (PEGX) bioink method with the objective of optimizing cell viability while retaining control of mechanical properties of the final bioprinted construct. First, we investigate cytocompatible, covalent cross-linking chemistries for bioink synthesis (e.

Management of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Symptoms in Survivors of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer.

Cancer treatments can damage the ovaries, causing primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), a condition associated with numerous sequelae that impact long-term quality of life. This article systematically reviews the literature on the prevalence, surveillance, and treatment of POI in survivors of pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in January 2018 through a search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, alongside the screening of relevant reference lists.

Introduction to Safe Space Training: Interactive Module for Promoting a Safe Space Learning Environment for LGBT Medical Students.

Introduction: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students face challenges in achieving their educational goals. By understanding concepts surrounding sexual orientation and gender identity, faculty, staff, and students can support LGBT community members and provide a safe educational space. In order to address this we created a condensed training resource that focused on skill building and is easily implemented institution-wide for students, residents, fellows, faculty, and staff.

A Systematic Evaluation of Factors Affecting Extracellular Vesicle Uptake by Breast Cancer Cells.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-scale particles that are secreted by cells and mediate intercellular communication by transferring biomolecules between cells. Harnessing this mechanism for therapeutic biomolecule delivery represents a promising frontier for regenerative medicine and other clinical applications. One challenge to realizing this goal is that to date, our understanding of which factors affect EV uptake by recipient cells remains incomplete.