Objectives: To evaluate persistence of vaccine effectiveness (VE) and vaccine impact (VI) on invasive meningococcal B (MenB) disease and gonorrhoea at three years after implementation of a state funded 4CMenB programme for infants, children, adolescents and young people in South Australia.
Methods: VI was assessed using a Poisson or negative binomial regression model, and VE was estimated using screening and case-control methods. Chlamydia controls were used to estimate VE in the primary analysis to control potential confounding effects such as high-risk sexual behaviour associated with sexually transmitted infections.
Background: A programme of vaccination with the four-component serogroup B meningococcal (4CMenB) vaccine was introduced in South Australia for infants and children aged 0-3 years on Oct 1, 2018, and for senior school students in school years 10 and 11 (aged 15-16 years) and young adults aged 17-20 years on Feb 1, 2019. We aimed to evaluate vaccine effectiveness and impact on serogroup B meningococcal disease and gonorrhoea 2 years after implementation of the programme.
Methods: We did a cohort and case-control study among those targeted by the South Australia 4CMenB vaccination programme.
Hotel quarantine for international travelers has been used to prevent coronavirus disease spread into Australia. A quarantine hotel-associated community outbreak was detected in South Australia. Real-time genomic sequencing enabled rapid confirmation tracking the outbreak to a recently returned traveler and linked 2 cases of infection in travelers at the same facility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvasive meningococcal disease causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, with serogroup B being one of the predominant serogroups in Australia for many years. The South Australian (SA) State Government recently funded the introduction of a 4CMenB vaccination program for infants, children and adolescents. In addition to protecting against invasive meningococcal disease, emerging evidence suggests the 4CMenB vaccine may also be effective against gonorrhoea due to genetic similarities between .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn epidemiological investigation and a retrospective case-control study were conducted into an outbreak of Havana in alfalfa sprouts, in Adelaide, Australia. In total, 31 cases of Havana were notified during June and July 2018 and linked to the outbreak. Eighteen cases and 54 unmatched controls were included in a case-control study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFType I sulfatases catalyze the hydrolysis of sulfate esters through S-O bond cleavage and possess a catalytically essential formylglycine (FGly) active-site residue that is post-translationally derived from either cysteine or serine. Type I sulfatases are inactivated by aryl sulfamates in a time-dependent, irreversible, and active-site directed manner consistent with covalent modification of the active site. We report a theoretical (SCS-MP2//B3LYP) and experimental study of the uncatalyzed and enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of aryl sulfates and sulfamates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWestern Pac Surveill Response J
October 2012
Objective: In July 2012, an outbreak of Campylobacter infection was investigated by the South Australian Communicable Disease Control Branch and Food Policy and Programs Branch. The initial notification identified illness at a surprise birthday party held at a restaurant on 14 July 2012. The objective of the investigation was to identify the potential source of infection and institute appropriate intervention strategies to prevent further illness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOn 30 April 2009, the Communicable Disease Control Branch (CDCB) South Australia was notified of a Salmonella infection in a person who attended a wedding reception on 25 April 2009. Several other attendees reported becoming unwell with a similar gastrointestinal illness. The CDCB commenced an investigation to: characterise the outbreak in terms of person, place and time; identify probable source or sources; and implement control measures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase catalyses the cleavage of aryl sulfates and is an excellent model for human estrone sulfatase, which is implicated in hormone-dependent breast cancer. Aryl sulfamates are inactivators of sulfatases; however, little is known about their mechanism. We studied the inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase A by a range of aryl sulfamates, including the clinical agent 667COUMATE (STX64) used to inactivate estrone sulfatase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA computational and X-ray crystallographic investigation of the electronic and geometric structures of a range of sulfonyl (-SO(2)-) and phosphonyl (-PO(2)--) containing species was undertaken to investigate the nature of valency and bonding in these functional groups. The traditional representation of sulfonyl and phosphonyl species is with octet-violating Lewis structures, which require d-orbital participation at the central atom. However, computational studies cast serious doubt upon this bonding model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructure/reactivity and structure/structure correlations of 5 sulfate monoesters and 11 sulfamate esters determined by low temperature X-ray crystallography reveal similar ground state deformations that suggest similar reaction coordinates for sulfuryl and sulfamyl group transfer.
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