A Randomized Trial of Drug Route in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Background: In patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the effectiveness of drugs such as epinephrine is highly time-dependent. An intraosseous route of drug administration may enable more rapid drug administration than an intravenous route; however, its effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial across 11 emergency medical systems in the United Kingdom that involved adults in cardiac arrest for whom vascular access for drug administration was needed.

The clinical effectiveness of a falls rapid response service, and sex differences of patients using the service: a cross-sectional study in an English ambulance trust.

Background: Falls in older adults are an important issue internationally. They occur from complex interactions between biological, environmental and activity-related factors. As the sexes age differently, there may be sex differences regarding falls.

Care Home Residency and Its Association with Ambulance Service Workload.

Objectives: Care home residents comprise a significant minority of ambulance patients, but little is known about how care homes impact ambulance service workload. This study aims to quantify differences in the workload of ambulance paramedics associated with patient residence (care home vs private).

Design: This was an observational study using routine ambulance service data and Clinical Frailty Scale scores from patients attended by 112 study paramedics between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2021.

Measuring frailty and its association with key outcomes in the ambulance setting: a cross sectional observational study.

Background: Little is known about frailty in the ambulance setting, or its association with outcomes relevant to ambulance services. We sought to measure frailty in people aged ≥ 50 attended by an ambulance, and describe the relationship between frailty, odds of conveyance to hospital, and duration at scene.

Methods: An observational study between 01/01/2021-30/06/2021 in North East Ambulance Service, England.

Public attitudes towards bystander CPR and their association with social deprivation: Findings from a cross sectional study in North England.

Background: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) is undertaken in only 40% of out of hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) in the UK. Lower rates of BCPR and public access defibrillator (PAD) use have been correlated with lower socio-economic status (SES). The aim of this study was to examine knowledge and attitudes towards BCPR and PAD's using a study specific questionnaire, and to understand how these potentially interact with individual characteristics and SES.

Ambulance service call handler and clinician identification of stroke in North East Ambulance Service.

Introduction: Emergency medical services (EMS) are the first point of contact for most acute stroke patients. The EMS response is triggered by ambulance call handlers who triage calls and then an appropriate response is allocated. Early recognition of stroke is vital to minimise the call to hospital time as the availability and effectiveness of reperfusion therapies are time dependent.

Babies born in the pre-hospital setting attended by ambulance clinicians in the north east of England.

Introduction: The majority of births in the United Kingdom happen in hospital or at stand-alone midwife led centres, or with the support of midwives in a planned fashion outside of hospital. The unplanned birth of a baby in the pre-hospital setting is a rare event which may result in an ambulance being called, so attendance at a birth is a rare event for ambulance clinicians. A service evaluation was conducted to report which clinical observations were recorded on babies born in the pre-hospital setting who were attended by ambulance clinicians from the North East Ambulance Service (NEAS) over a one-year period.