A generalizable connectome-based marker of in-scan sustained attention in neurodiverse youth.

Difficulty with attention is an important symptom in many conditions in psychiatry, including neurodiverse conditions such as autism. There is a need to better understand the neurobiological correlates of attention and leverage these findings in healthcare settings. Nevertheless, it remains unclear if it is possible to build dimensional predictive models of attentional state in a sample that includes participants with neurodiverse conditions.

Hypoconnectivity between anterior insula and amygdala associates with future vulnerabilities in social development in a neurodiverse sample of neonates.

Altered resting state functional connectivity (FC) involving the anterior insula (aINS), a key node in the salience network, has been reported consistently in autism. Here we examined, for the first time, FC between the aINS and the whole brain in a sample of full-term, postmenstrual age (PMA) matched neonates (mean 44.0 weeks, SD = 1.

Assessment of a hemodialysis E-curriculum in postgraduate nephrology education: A pilot mixed methods study.

Background: Online educational modules support asynchronous E-learning and offer several advantages. This multi-institutional pilot study describes the experience among nephrology trainees, of using a faculty-developed interactive E-curriculum in hemodialysis (HD) and examines its impact on learner knowledge and satisfaction.

Study Design: A sequential mixed method design was developed for curriculum assessment, using a survey tool and 1 : 1 interview.

Elevated symptoms of executive dysfunction predict lower adaptive functioning in 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder.

Executive functioning (EF) deficits co-occur frequently with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have a long-term detrimental impact on quality of life of children and their families. Timely identification of risk for EF vulnerabilities may hasten access to early intervention and alleviate their long-term consequences. This study examines (1) if EF deficits are elevated in toddlers with ASD compared to nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, typically developing (TYP) toddlers, and toddlers with atypical developmental presentation; and (2) if EF deficits have a detrimental effect on adaptive functioning in ASD.

Functional connectivity for the language network in the developing brain: 30 weeks of gestation to 30 months of age.

Although the neural scaffolding for language is putatively present before birth, the maturation of functional connections among the key nodes of the language network, Broca's and Wernicke's areas, is less known. We leveraged longitudinal and cross-sectional data from three sites collected through six studies to track the development of functional circuits between Broca's and Wernicke's areas from 30 weeks of gestation through 30 months of age in 127 unique participants. Using resting-state fMRI data, functional connectivity was calculated as the correlation between fMRI time courses from pairs of regions, defined as Broca's and Wernicke's in both hemispheres.

Puppets facilitate attention to social cues in children with ASD.

Diminished visual attention to faces of social partners represents one of the early characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we examine if the introduction of puppets as social partners alters attention to speakers' faces in young children with ASD and typically developing (TD) controls. Children with ASD (N = 37; M  = 49.

Reviewing the Reviewer: Medical Student Course Feedback as a Marker of Professional Identity Formation.

Professional identity formation refers to the process by which medical trainees develop and internalize their new roles. In this work, we analyze medical student evaluations of teaching (SETs) as a window into students' developing identities as physicians. Our data consisted of 389 open-ended comments written anonymously by first-year (pre-clerkship) students in mid- and end-of-semester evaluations of small group sessions (mandatory attendance) during one full academic year at Yale School of Medicine.

Us, Too. Sexual Harassment Within Academic Medicine in the United States.

Purpose: We report on the extent of sexual harassment among residents and examine its relationship to specialty and program year and effects.

Methods: Using the C-Change Resident Survey, we surveyed residents in 34 internal medicine, pediatrics, and general surgery programs in 14 academic medical centers (AMCs). A total of 1708 residents completed the survey (70% response-rate); 51% (n = 879) were women.

Correction to "Density Functional Calculations for Prediction of Fe Mossbauer Isomer Shifts and Quadrupole Splittings in β-Diketiminate Complexes".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00595.

Density Functional Calculations for Prediction of Fe Mössbauer Isomer Shifts and Quadrupole Splittings in β-Diketiminate Complexes.

The relative ease of Mössbauer spectroscopy and of density functional theory (DFT) calculations encourages the use of Mössbauer parameters as a validation method for calculations, and the use of calculations as a double check on crystallographic structures. A number of studies have proposed correlations between the computationally determined electron density at the iron nucleus and the observed isomer shift, but deviations from these correlations in low-valent iron β-diketiminate complexes encouraged us to determine a new correlation for these compounds. The use of B3LYP/def2-TZVP in the ORCA platform provides an excellent balance of accuracy and speed.