Circulating Th17 cytokine levels are altered in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

The disrupted autoimmune response in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has long been considered to be dominantly T helper type 1 (Th1) mediated. Recent advances in the field of immunology have introduced a new class of effector T cells, named 'Th17', which plays important roles in autoimmune disorders once thought to be merely Th1 mediated. We aimed to examine the levels of major Th17 cytokines in patients with HT in this study.

Immunomodulatory effects of voriconazole and caspofungin on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by Candida albicans and Candida krusei.

Background: Candida infections are frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients. T cell-mediated and phagocytic immunity are the primary protective immune responses against fungal infections. Antifungal agents such as voriconazole and caspofungin enter phagocytic cells and lead to various intracellular activities.

In vitro effects of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus on dendritic cells and the role of beta glucan in this effect.

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are able to initiate and regulate the immune response to fungal infections. β-glucan stimulates the immune system, modulating cellular and humoral immunity. It has a beneficial effect in fighting fungal infections.

Cytokine profile in murine toxoplasmosis.

Objective: To investigate which cytokines are produced after acute infection of mice with Toxoplasma gondii (T. Gondii) RH strain.

Methods: Mus domesticus domesticus mice in infected group were inoculated with with highly virulent T.

Expression of cell surface markers on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus stimulated lymphocytes.

Background & Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has gradually been increasing, new strategies in the treatment of MRSA infections are required. This depends on the understanding of the infection pathogenesis and the immune response. This study was therefore designed to determine the immune response which develops during MRSA infection and the role of chemokines in this response, and also to compare the results with the changes occurring after MSSA infection.

The efficiency of Viscum album ssp. album and Hypericum perforatum on human immune cells in vitro.

Viscum album L. ssp. album and Hypericum perforatum L.

Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on cytokine secretion from intraepithelial lymphocytes infected by Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) is a probiotic and used in the prevention or treatment of diarrhoea. Saccharomyces boulardii has many mechanisms to protect the host against diarrhoeal pathogens.

Expression of the surface antigens of lymphocytes and the levels of cytokines in mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus.

Background: Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is an opportunistic fungus that causes invasive aspergillosis. Determining the immune changes during A.

Effects of recombinant interferon-gamma on cytokine secretion from monocyte-derived macrophages infected with Salmonella typhi.

Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) is an important pathogen which causes typhoid fever. The cytokines released from the macrophages, playing a role in the host defense against Salmonella infection, are crucial in the defense against the infection.