Accelerated kynurenine pathway downregulates immune activation in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.

Various studies reported that the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating the balance between activation and inhibition of the immune system. Proinflammatory cytokines can accelerate the Kyn pathway by altering indoleamine (2, 3)- dioxygenase (IDO) allosteric enzyme activity. Excessive cytokine release and immune system activation have essential roles in the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Elevated Kynurenine Levels in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the plasma levels of tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).

Methods: The study included 34 pSS patients and 42 healthy individuals, and serum Trp and kynurenine (Kyn) concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Trp degradation was predicted using the ratio of Kyn and Trp concentrations (Kyn/Trp).

Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Bipolar and Unipolar Depression.

Objective: Bipolar disorder and unipolar depressive disorder are complex phenotypes. There appear to be phenotypical, mechanistic, and therapeutic differences between bipolar depression (BD) and unipolar depression (UD). There is a need for understanding the underlying biological variation between these clinical entities.

Does extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy therapy affect thiol-disulfide homeostasis?

Objective: Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive method that is effective at crushing stones in the upper urinary tract. Disturbance of the thiol/disulfide homeostasis, in favor of the disulfide, has been shown to be involved in the disease pathogenesis.

Methods: A total of 36 individuals that underwent ESWL had blood samples collected before ESWL (0hrs), 6hrs, and one week after the ESWL.

The Variation of Disulfides in the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine thiol-disulfide balance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This study included 32 subjects with known type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications, 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with complications, 28 newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 45 healthy individuals. Thiol-disulfide profile tests were quantified in all groups.