A worldwide overview for hexavalent vaccines and a glimpse into Turkiye's perspective.

The surge in recommended vaccinations for child's has spurred the development of combination vaccines, notably hexavalent vaccines, which provide multiple immunizations in a single dose. These vaccines offer various advantages, such as streamlining vaccination schedules, minimizing injection-related pain and exposure to preservatives, expanding vaccine coverage, and reducing administration costs. However, the intricate and expensive development of these vaccines presents substantial challenges, requiring increased investment and healthcare provider education to optimize their utilization and sustain high vaccination rates.

Role of clinical, molecular, and serological features in the diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection in children.

Background: Parvovirus B19(B19) is a DNA virus. The most common B19 disease is erythema infectiosum (fifth-disease). PCR and ELISA are sensitive for detecting of acute disease.

Vitamin D level, body mass index and fracture risk in children: vitamin D deficiency and fracture risk.

The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of preventable causes of fracture, such as vitamin D deficiency, disturbed calcium homeostasis and obesity on fracture occurrence in minor traumas. In this way, the effects of relevant parameters on fracture may be further elucidated. A prospective case-control study in children aged 2-18 years children with and without fractures was performed.

Axillary and Tympanic Temperature Measurement in Children and Normal Values for Ages.

Aim: The aim of the study was define the normal values of tympanic and axillary body temperature in healthy children.

Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was performed in healthy children aged 0 to 17 years who visited the ambulatory general pediatric of Istanbul Medical Faculty.

Results: Of 1364 children, 651 (47.

Cervical lymphadenopathies in children: A prospective clinical cohort study.

Aim: Cervical lymphadenopathy (LAP) is a common sign and may raise fears about serious illnesses. The aim of our study was to evaluate the patients with cervical LAPs in a general pediatrics clinic setting, and to evaluate follow-up results for potential causes and risk factors for malignancies.

Material And Methods: Two hundred-eighteen patients aged between 79.

Relationship between clinical findings and genetic mutations in patients with familial Mediterranean fever.

Background: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is one of the most frequent genetic diseases encountered in the Mediterranean region. We aimed to investigate the correlation between genetic mutations and the clinical findings in 562 patients with FMF.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study conducted with patients' files between 2006, and 2013, reverse hybridization assay for MEFV gene mutations was used and the 12 most frequent mutations were screened.

Evaluation of Chest X-ray and Thoracic Computed Tomography in Patients with Suspected Tuberculosis.

Objective: To investigate if there is any correlation between positive findings detected by posterior-anterior (PA) chest radiograph and thoracic computerized tomography (CT) in cases with suspected lung tuberculosis (TB) due to positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results.

Methods: This is a retrospective evaluation of the medical files of patients who visited the Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine from 2006, through 2011 as outpatients and had positive TST (>15 mm) results.

Results: A total of 326 patients were included in the study; 45.

A tertiary care center's experience with febrile seizures: evaluation of 632 cases.

Background: The aim of this paper was to evaluate demographic and prognostic features of febrile seizures (FSs) in a tertiary center in Turkey.

Methods: A retrospective study of 632 children with FS was conducted from January 1995 to January 2002 in the pediatric neurology and general pediatrics departments of Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical School. Patients data was collected and eligible patients were included in the study.

First-Step Results of Children Presenting with Bleeding Symptoms or Abnormal Coagulation Tests in an Outpatient Clinic.

Objective: Mild bleeding symptoms are commonly seen in the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the final clinical and laboratory features of children referred for a first evaluation with a suspected bleeding disorder in the pediatric outpatient clinic of İstanbul University.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 26,737 outpatients who were admitted to the Division of Ambulatory Pediatrics between 31 October 2011 and 31 October 2012 were evaluated retrospectively.

Role of vitamin D in children with hepatosteatosis.

Background: The increasing incidence of obesity in children is a significant risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity-associated morbidity. Vitamin D has a major role in bone mineral metabolism and has antimicrobial, antioxidant properties. In this study we aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D in children with obesity with hepatosteatosis.

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of children referred for early puberty: preponderance in 7-8 years of age.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the girls referred to the pediatric outpatient clinic with a presumptive diagnosis of early puberty due to early onset of breast development or pubarche.

Methods: Within the study period, we evaluated 289 subjects referred for concerns about early onset of puberty. History, anthropometric data, bone age (BA), hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, as well as pelvic ultrasonography (USG)-derived ovarian and uterine volumes were analyzed.

Acute obstructive respiratory tract diseases in a pediatric emergency unit: evidence-based evaluation.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the evidence-based performance of the pediatric emergency unit in the diagnosis of and treatment approach to the patients with asthma, bronchiolitis, and croup.

Methods: In this study conducted in a retrospective cross-sectional way, emergency cards and computer data have been used. In the performance evaluation, the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey criteria were considered.

Frequency of common viruses in etiology of acute respiratory tract infections.

Objective: To determine the frequency rate of C. pneumoniae, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, metapneumovirus, adenovirus', parainfluenza virus and coronavirus in acute respiratory tract infections in children.

Methods: One hundred nine pediatric patients having respiratory tract infections were included in this study.

The role of vitamin D in children with recurrent tonsillopharyngitis.

Background: The exact etiology of recurrent tonsillopharyngitis in children is not clear. Recurrent tonsillitis in children has multifactorial etiology like most of the diseases in childhood. In this study, our aim was to determine the potential role of vitamin D in recurrent tonsillitis by measuring serum 25-OH vitamin D levels and determining the vitamin D receptor polymorphism among children with recurrent tonsillitis.

[Evaluation of serological status of children following hepatitis B vaccination during infancy].

The aims of this study were to determine anti-HBs positivity in children who had received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine during infancy and to evaluate the factors that may affect the serological status. Local ethics committee approval was obtained at the beginning of the study. The study was carried out between December 2005 and October 2007 among children attending the outpatient clinics of medical school hospital.

Viral etiology in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection.

This study was performed to investigate the viral etiological agents, age distribution and clinical manifestations of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in hospitalized children. The viral etiology and clinical findings in 147 children (1 month to 5 years of age) hospitalized with acute LRTI were evaluated. Cell culture was used for isolation of influenza viruses and direct fluorescent antibody assay for parainfluenza viruses (PIVs), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenoviruses (ADVs).

Efficacy, Tolerability, and Acceptability of Iron Hydroxide Polymaltose Complex versus Ferrous Sulfate: A Randomized Trial in Pediatric Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Iron polymaltose complex (IPC) offers similar efficacy with superior tolerability to ferrous sulfate in adults, but randomized trials in children are rare. In a prospective, open-label, 4-month study, 103 children aged >6 months with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were randomized to IPC once daily or ferrous sulfate twice daily, (both 5 mg iron/kg/day). Mean increases in Hb to months 1 and 4 with IPC were 1.

Vitamin D levels in children with recurrent tonsillitis.

Aim: Although recurrent tonsillitis can be the consequence of defects in immune system, the exact etiology of recurrent tonsillitis is not clear. In this study, our aim was to determine the serum vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor polymorphism among children undergone tonsillectomy due to the recurrent tonsillitis.

Methods: A 106 children undergone tonsillectomy due to recurrent tonsillitis and a 127 healthy children aging between 2 and 12 years were enrolled in this study, to determine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms (Apa1, Taq 1, fok1).

An atypical form of necrotizing periodontitis.

Background: Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis are considered necrotizing periodontal diseases. This case report presents an atypical form of necrotizing periodontitis, which does not fit into this classification.

Methods: A 12-year-old child was referred to our clinic for gingival inflammation, extensive alveolar bone loss, and tooth mobility.

Effects of iron deficiency anemia on cognitive function in children.

Objective: To examine the effects of iron deficiency anemia on cognitive function and intelligence in children.

Methods: Matched case-control study was carried out with 30 children (aged 6-12 years) with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) but without any chronic disease and with normal neuromotor development. The WISC-R intelligence test was performed before and after 4-6 months of iron/vitamin treatment (5 mg iron/kg/day as iron(III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex, IPC, and multivitamin preparation).

Is acetaminophen as effective as an antihistamine-decongestant-acetaminophen combination in relieving symptoms of acute nasopharyngitis in children? A randomised, controlled trial.

Objectives: To determine the efficiency of drugs, which include antihistaminic-decongestant-acetaminophen agents versus only acetaminophen in symptomatic treatment of acute nasopharyngitis in children.

Methods: This clinical, randomized, controlled, single blind drug efficacy comparison research was conducted in 148 patients with acute nasopharyngitis between ages 2 and 12 years. After randomization, Group-1 consisted of cases (n: 86), which used OTC drugs [acetaminophen+diphenhydramine+pseudoephedrin] and Group-2 consisted of cases (n: 62), which used only acetaminophen.

Successful therapy of systemic xanthogranuloma in a child.

Systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma is a rare disease in children. A 10-year-old boy who showed renal, pulmonary, and liver involvement is reported. He had pulmonary invasion, renal mass, and nodular liver lesions but no bone involvement.

Frequency of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children.

Objective: Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are among the most important pathogens of acute respiratory infections in children between the ages of 5 and 15 years. We aimed to investigate seasonal frequency of respiratory infections caused by C. pneumoniae and M.