Cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) in the lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes inflammation and lung injury, but the mechanisms are not fully understood.
Researchers hypothesized that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a role in mediating the inflammatory response to CFH.
Their findings showed that mice lacking TLR4 had less inflammation and lung permeability, indicating that TLR4 signaling activates key inflammatory pathways after CFH exposure.