Pediatric Emergency Physicians' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding Confidential Adolescent Care.

Objectives: More than 19 million adolescents seek care in the emergency department (ED) annually. We aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to confidential adolescent care among pediatric ED physicians.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire of US physician members of the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee survey listserv.

Fentanyl in an Infant: Taking Our Breath Away.

Pediatric respiratory failure carries a wide differential diagnosis. Toxic ingestion should remain on the differential even at very young ages. There have been increasing reports of fentanyl overdoses among adults; however, this should be considered for accidental pediatric ingestion, especially considering its high potential for mortality.

Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Education on Adolescent Sexual Health Care.

Objectives: Many adolescents use the emergency department as their sole resource for primary care and sexual health care. This provides an opportunity to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy as well as to educate teenagers about their bodies and sexual health. There is no standard curriculum on sexual health as part of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship education.

Utilizing a Behavioral Health Bundle to Improve Patient and Clinician Safety for Hospitalized Children.

Unlabelled: Due to limited psychiatric hospital availability, increasing numbers of pediatric patients with behavioral health (BH) needs are hospitalized in medical units in the US Patients and staff are at increased risk for safety events like self-harm or aggression. Our study aimed to decrease safety events by 25% over a year among hospitalized children with BH diagnoses by implementing an intervention bundle.

Methods: A multidisciplinary team developed and implemented a BH intervention bundle that included a BH equipment cart, an electronic medical record tool for BH patient identification/stratification, a de-escalation team, daily operational BH phone call, and staff training with a safety checklist.

Novel Mechanism of Microvesicle Regulation by the Antiviral Protein Tetherin During HIV Infection.

Background Microvesicles are cell membrane-derived vesicles that have been shown to augment inflammation. Specifically, monocyte-derived microvesicles (MDMVs), which can express the coagulation protein tissue factor, contribute to thrombus formation and cardiovascular disease. People living with HIV experience higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and also exhibit increased levels of plasma microvesicles.

Monocytes complexed to platelets differentiate into functionally deficient dendritic cells.

In addition to their role in hemostasis, platelets store numerous immunoregulatory molecules such as CD40L, TGFβ, β2-microglobulin, and IL-1β and release them upon activation. Previous studies indicate that activated platelets form transient complexes with monocytes, especially in HIV infected individuals and induce a proinflammatory monocyte phenotype. Because monocytes can act as precursors of dendritic cells (DCs) during infection/inflammation as well as for generation of DC-based vaccine therapies, we evaluated the impact of activated platelets on monocyte differentiation into DCs.

Brief Resolved Unexplained Event: Not Just a New Name for Apparent Life-Threatening Event.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate patients who presented to the pediatric emergency department with an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) to (1) determine if these patients would meet the criteria for brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE), a new term coined by the American Academy of Pediatrics in May, 2016; (2) risk stratify these patients to determine if they meet the BRUE low-risk criteria; and (3) evaluate outcomes of patients meeting the criteria for BRUE.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who presented to a large urban academic center pediatric emergency department with an ALTE from January 2013 to May 2015 (before the publication of the BRUE guideline). Children ≤12 months of age were identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth/Tenth Revision.

Frontal brain activity and cognitive processing speed in multiple sclerosis: An exploration of EEG neurofeedback training.

Background: Cognitive deficits including impaired information processing speed as assessed by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Oscillatory markers of processing speed may be extracted from magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and electroencephalographic (EEG) resting-state recordings. In this context, an increased proportion of frontal slow-wave (theta, 4-8 Hz) to fast-wave (beta, 13-30 Hz) EEG activity was indicative of impaired SDMT performance.

Improving communication between obstetric and neonatology teams for high-risk deliveries: a quality improvement project.

Summoning is a key component of communication between obstetrics and neonatal resuscitation team (NRT) in advance of deliveries. A paging system is a commonly used summoning tool. The timeliness and information contained in the page help NRT to optimally prepare for postdelivery infant care.

The Impact of Perpetrator Characteristics on the Completion of a Partner Abuse Intervention Program.

This study examined how type of perpetrator (family only [FO] vs. generally violent [GV]), readiness to change, and stake in conformity function separately and together in predicting completion of a partner abuse intervention program (PAIP). Data were collected from 192 male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) who were court mandated to attend a PAIP.

Exploring resting-state EEG brain oscillatory activity in relation to cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Neurophysiologic monitoring parameters related to cognition in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are sparse. Previous work reported an association between magnetoencephalographic (MEG) alpha-1 activity and information processing speed. While this remains to be replicated by more available electroencephalographic (EEG) methods, also other established EEG markers, e.

Transfer and Distribution of Gunshot Residue through Glass Windows.

Research into the deposition patterns of primer gunshot residue (GSR) beyond a primary target was previously nonexistent. This study aimed to determine the deposition patterns of GSR once a bullet passed through an initial target and continued on its path into additional targets. Multiple repetitions were performed to assess the GSR deposition patterns after a bullet was shot through a closed window into either a dummy or a wall within an enclosed room.

Preventive and therapeutic challenges in combating Zika virus infection: are we getting any closer?

The neuroteratogenic nature of Zika Virus (ZIKV) infection has converted what would have been a tropical disease into a global threat. Zika is transmitted vertically via infected placental cells especially in the first and second trimesters. In the developing central nervous system (CNS), ZIKV can infect and induce apoptosis of neural progenitor cells subsequently causing microcephaly as well as other neuronal complications in infants.

Tobacco Cessation in Economically Disadvantaged Dominican Republic Communities: Who are the Ex-Users?

Introduction: Tobacco use and harm continue to increase in low- and middle income countries (LMICs) globally. Smoking cessation is the most effective means of reducing morbidity and mortality from tobacco use. Increasing the prevalence of ex-users is an indicator of population cessation.

A qualitative study of tobacco use in eight economically disadvantaged Dominican Republic communities.

Understanding social conditions prior to intervention design can enhance tobacco control interventions. This paper describes formative research conducted in 2010 about tobacco use in eight economically disadvantaged Dominican Republic communities, four of which participated in a previous intervention study (2003-2008). A combined US-Dominican team used a rapid assessment process to collect qualitative social and cultural data on tobacco use, knowledge and attitudes; plus observations about social and policy factors, such as exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), tobacco regulations, pregnancy, health care provider (HCP) practices and sustainability of the 2003-2008 intervention.

Lessons Learned from Twelve Years of Partnered Tobacco Cessation Research in the Dominican Republic.

Engaging partners for tobacco control within low and middle income countries (LMICs) at early stages of tobacco control presents both challenges and opportunities in the global effort to avert the one billion premature tobacco caused deaths projected for this century. The Dominican Republic (DR) is one such early stage country. The current paper reports on lessons learned from 12 years of partnered United States (US)-DR tobacco cessation research conducted through two NIH trials (Proyecto Doble T, PDT1 and 2).

Disruption of a cystine transporter downregulates expression of genes involved in sulfur regulation and cellular respiration.

Cystine and cysteine are important molecules for pathways such as redox signaling and regulation, and thus identifying cellular deficits upon deletion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cystine transporter Ers1p allows for a further understanding of cystine homeostasis. Previous complementation studies using the human ortholog suggest yeast Ers1p is a cystine transporter. Human CTNS encodes the protein Cystinosin, a cystine transporter that is embedded in the lysosomal membrane and facilitates the export of cystine from the lysosome.

Neural correlates of visuo-spatial working memory encoding--an EEG study.

The aim of the present electroencephalographic (EEG) study was to investigate neuronal correlates of working memory encoding in a visuo-spatial serial delayed match-to-sample task. A rapid serial visual presentation approach was used to dissociate brain activity related to encoding of visuo-spatial targets and cortical activity evoked by suppression of distracting information. During the task EEG was recorded and steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) were calculated.

Effect of cell size and shape on single-cell electroporation.

Single-cell electroporation was performed using electrolyte-filled capillaries on fluorescently labeled A549 cells. Cells were exposed to brief pulses (50-300 ms) at various cell-capillary tip distances. Cell viability and electroporation success were measured.