Medication administration by inpatient pharmacists: Innovative interdisciplinary care teams.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

The integrin adhesome and control of anti-tumour immunity.

It is widely regarded that the anti-tumour immune response drives clearance of tumours and leads to prolonged survival in patients. However, tumours are adept at reprogramming the surrounding microenvironment to an immunosuppressive milieu to prevent successful immune directed killing. Adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix is essential for regulating cellular processes such as survival, proliferation and migration.

EEG background activity, seizure burden and early childhood outcomes in neonatal encephalopathy in Uganda: a prospective feasibility cohort study.

Background: Intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) is gold standard for neonatal brain monitoring; however, low-income country data is lacking. We examined EEG in a Ugandan cohort with NE to describe feasibility, background activity, seizure prevalence and burden, and associations with clinical presentation and outcome.

Associations of poor water, sanitation, and hygiene and parasite burden with markers of environmental enteric dysfunction in preschool-age children infected with Schistosoma mansoni in Uganda.

Background: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an acquired subclinical condition of the small intestine with lasting health implications for nutritional status, linear growth and development among children. EED is characterised by structural and functional changes to the gut barrier. There are no standardised diagnostic criteria, however, a number of biomarkers have been evaluated to capture EED domains.

Obesity's Unexpected Influence: Reduced Alphavirus Transmission and Altered Immune Activation in the Vector.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) are emerging/re-emerging alphaviruses transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes and responsible for recent disease outbreaks in the Americas. The capacity of these viruses to cause epidemics is frequently associated with increased mosquito transmission, which in turn is governed by virus-host-vector interactions.

"Broadening Perspectives Activities" Improve LGBTQ+ Student Experiences and Religious Students' Content Comprehension.

Curricular content in undergraduate biology courses has been historically hetero and cisnormative due to various cultural stigmas, biases, and discrimination. Such curricula may be partially responsible for why LGBTQ+ students in STEM are less likely to complete their degrees than their non-LGBTQ+ counterparts. We developed Broadening Perspective Activities (BPAs) to expand the representation of marginalized perspectives in the curriculum of an online, upper-division, undergraduate animal behavior course, focusing on topics relating to sex, gender, and sexuality.

The Effect of Malaria on Responses to Unrelated Vaccines in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Vaccine efficacy varies globally, often showing reduced immune responses in low- and middle-income countries, possibly due to the immunomodulatory effects of parasitic infections like malaria. This systematic review evaluates the impact of malaria on immune responses to unrelated vaccines in humans and animals. We systematically searched five databases-MEDLINE, Web of Science, Global Health, Scopus and Embase-up to 5th December 2023.

Schistosome and malaria exposure and urban-rural differences in vaccine responses in Uganda: a causal mediation analysis using data from three linked randomised controlled trials.

Background: Vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness vary geographically. Chronic immunomodulating parasitic infections including schistosomes and malaria have been hypothesised to be mediators of geographical variations.

Methods: We compared vaccine-specific immune responses between three Ugandan settings (schistosome-endemic rural, malaria-endemic rural, and urban) and did causal mediation analysis to assess the role of Schistosoma mansoni and malaria exposure in observed differences.

The effect of BCG revaccination on the response to unrelated vaccines in urban Ugandan adolescents (POPVAC C): an open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Immune responses induced by several important vaccines differ between populations, with reduced responses in low-income and rural settings compared with high-income and urban settings. BCG immunisation boosts immune responses to some unrelated vaccines in high-income populations. We aimed to test the hypothesis that BCG revaccination can enhance responses to unrelated vaccines in Ugandan schoolchildren.

The effect of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine on vaccine-specific responses among schoolchildren in rural Uganda (POPVAC B): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Several important vaccines differ in immunogenicity and efficacy between populations. We hypothesised that malaria suppresses responses to unrelated vaccines and that this effect can be reversed-at least partially-by monthly malaria intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) in high-transmission settings.

Methods: We conducted an individually randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of malaria IPT with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine on vaccine responses among schoolchildren aged 9-17 years in Jinja district, Uganda.

The effect of intensive praziquantel administration on vaccine-specific responses among schoolchildren in Ugandan schistosomiasis-endemic islands (POPVAC A): an open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Vaccine responses differ between populations and are often impaired in rural and low-income settings. The reasons for this are not fully understood, but observational data suggest that the immunomodulating effects of parasitic helminths might contribute. We hypothesised that Schistosoma mansoni infection suppresses responses to unrelated vaccines, and that suppression could be reversed-at least in part-by intensive praziquantel administration.

Comparative pathogenesis of three Mayaro virus genotypes in the cynomolgus macaque.

Mayaro virus (MAYV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is considered an emerging threat to public health with epidemic potential. Phylogenetic studies show the existence of three MAYV genotypes. In this study, we provide a preliminary analysis of the pathogenesis of all three MAYV genotypes in cynomolgus macaques (, Mauritian origin).

Factors associated with hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infections among school-aged children in Mayuge district, Uganda.

Background: Hookworm infection and schistosomiasis are two of sub-Saharan Africa's most common neglected tropical diseases. An annual mass drug administration (MDA) program against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), including hookworm, has been implemented in Mayuge district, Uganda, since 2003 to date. However, hookworm and schistosomiasis remain prevalent in Mayuge district.

Zipime-Weka-Schista study protocol: a longitudinal cohort study and economic evaluation of an integrated home-based approach for genital multipathogen screening in women, including female genital schistosomiasis, human papillomavirus, Trichomonas and HIV in Zambia.

Introduction: Multiplathogen home-based self-sampling offers an opportunity to increase access to screening and treatment in endemic settings with high coinfection prevalence of sexually transmitted (HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV)) and non-sexually transmitted pathogens ()). Chronic coinfections may lead to disability (female genital schistosomiasis) and death (cervical cancer). The Zipime-Weka-Schista (Do self-testing sister!) study aims to evaluate the validity, acceptability, uptake, impact and cost-effectiveness of multipathogen self-sampling for genital infections among women in Zambia.

Research outcomes informing the selection of public health interventions and strategies to implement them: A cross-sectional survey of Australian policy-maker and practitioner preferences.

Background: A key role of public health policy-makers and practitioners is to ensure beneficial interventions are implemented effectively enough to yield improvements in public health. The use of evidence to guide public health decision-making to achieve this is recommended. However, few studies have examined the relative value, as reported by policy-makers and practitioners, of different broad research outcomes (that is, measures of cost, acceptability, and effectiveness).

A cross-sectional pilot household study of Schistosoma mansoni burden and associated morbidities in Lake Albert, Uganda.

Objectives: Schistosomiasis is persistent in Lake Albert, Uganda, but local data are limited. This study aims to describe the local burden of moderate-to-heavy infection and associated morbidity in all ages and identify factors associated with these outcomes to guide further research.

Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in July-August, 2022 in four village sites (Walukuba, Rwentale, Kyabarangwa and Runga) of the Praziquantel in Preschoolers (PIP) trial.

Bacterial microbiome and host inflammatory gene expression in foreskin tissue.

The penile epithelial microbiome remains underexplored. We sequenced human RNA and a segment of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from the foreskin tissue of 144 adolescents from South Africa and Uganda collected during penile circumcision after receipt of 1-2 doses of placebo, emtricitabine + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, or emtricitabine + tenofovir alafenamide to investigate the microbiome of foreskin tissue and its potential changes with antiretroviral use. We identified a large number of anaerobic species, including which was detected more frequently in participants from South Africa than Uganda.

Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 85A prime followed by MVA85A boost compared with BCG revaccination among Ugandan adolescents who received BCG at birth: a randomised, open-label trial.

Background: BCG confers reduced, variable protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. A more effective vaccine is needed. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of candidate regimen ChAdOx1 85A-MVA85A compared with BCG revaccination among Ugandan adolescents.

Disseminating health research to public health policy-makers and practitioners: a survey of source, message content and delivery modality preferences.

Background: Understanding the views of policy-makers and practitioners regarding how best to communicate research evidence is important to support research use in their decision-making.

Aim: To quantify and describe public health policy-makers and practitioners' views regarding the source, content and form of messages describing public health research findings to inform their decision-making. We also sought to examine differences in preferences between public health policy-makers and practitioners.

Growth Profiles of Children and Adolescents Living with and without Perinatal HIV Infection in Southern Africa: A Secondary Analysis of Cohort Data.

Impaired linear growth and slower pubertal growth can be associated with perinatal HIV infection. We characterised growth relative to population norms, among the full adolescent period in southern Africa to better understand processes leading to morbidity in adulthood. We conducted a secondary analysis of 945 adolescents aged 8-20 years from urban Malawi and Zimbabwe; we included children with HIV (CWH), an uninfected comparison group from a cohort study, and CWH with co-morbid chronic lung disease (CLD) from a randomised controlled trial.