Structural insights of mechanochemically amorphised MIL-125-NH.

In this work, we investigated the response of the metal-organic framework MIL-125-NH to ball-milling. Both localised and bulk analyses revealed prolongued ball-milling results in a complete loss of long-range structural order. Investigation of this disorder revealed partial retention of the local bonding of the secondary building unit, suggesting structure collapse progressed primarily through metal-linker bond breakage.

Blood DDIT4 and TRIM13 Transcript Levels Mark the Early Stages of Machado-Joseph Disease.

Objective: An abundance of select transcripts and proteins has been found to be dysregulated in blood samples of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) carriers. Here, we aimed to: (1) identify blood transcriptional changes as potential biomarkers of MJD; (2) correlate levels of differentially expressed blood transcripts with MJD carriers features; and (3) evaluate whether the identified differential abundance of blood transcripts in MJD patients is preserved in MJD brains.

Methods: We used unbiased RNA microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assess transcript levels in blood and brain samples, and western blot analysis to evaluate the abundance of specific proteins in brain samples.

A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of the Virtual Outpatient Management of People With Mpox.

Background: To report on the implementation and outcomes of a virtual ward established for the management of mpox during the 2022 outbreak, we conducted a 2-center, observational, cross-sectional study over a 3-month period.

Methods: All patients aged ≥17 years with laboratory polymerase chain reaction-confirmed monkeypox virus managed between 14 May and 15 August 2022, at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases at University College London Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and sexual health services at Central North and West London NHS Foundation Trust, were included. Main outcomes included the proportion of patients managed exclusively on the virtual ward, proportion of patients requiring inpatient admission, proportion of patients with human immunodeficiency virus, and duration of lesion reepithelialization.

Chain-length dependent organisation in mixtures of hydrogenous and fluorous ionic liquids.

As part of an ongoing study of the structure and properties of mixtures of ionic liquids in which one component has a hydrocarbon chain and the other a semiperfluorocarbon chain, we now report a study of the mixtures [CMIM][CMIM-F][TfN], [CMIM][CMIM-F][TfN] and [CMIM][CMIM-F][TfN], where [CMIM][TfN] is 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [CMIM][TfN] is 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [CMIM-F][TfN] is 1-(1,1,2,2-perfluorooctyl)-3-methylimidizolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and [CMIM-F][TfN] is 1-(1,1,2,2-perfluorodecyl)-3-methylimidizolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The mixtures were investigated using small-angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron (SANS) scattering complemented by molecular dynamics simulations (with viscosity and surface tension measurements also possible for the mixtures [CMIM][CMIM-F][TfN]). Unlike previous studies of [CMIM][CMIM-F][TfN], where no strong evidence of alkyl/fluoroalkyl chain segregation or triphilic behaviour was seen (Elstone , , 2023, 127, 7394-7407), these new mixtures show the formation of small aggregates of varying sizes of each component, even though all were co-miscible across the full range of compositions.

Bedaquiline: what might the future hold?

Tuberculosis drug development has stagnated for decades, so the recent availability of bedaquiline is welcome. Bedaquiline-containing regimens, now the first-line therapy recommended by WHO, have transformed the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, offering safer and more effective oral treatment options. However, key obstacles need to be overcome to ensure global access and prevent the rapid development of resistance against this promising class of drugs.

Synthetic and analytical considerations for the preparation of amorphous metal-organic frameworks.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid porous materials presenting several tuneable properties, allowing them to be utilised for a wide range of applications. To date, focus has been on the preparation of novel crystalline MOFs for specific applications. Recently, interest in amorphous MOFs (aMOFs), defined by their lack of correlated long-range order, is growing.

The egg-counter: a novel microfluidic platform for characterization of egg-laying.

Reproduction is a fundamental process that shapes the demography of every living organism yet is often difficult to assess with high precision in animals that produce large numbers of offspring. Here, we present a novel microfluidic research platform for studying egg-laying. The platform provides higher throughput than traditional solid-media behavioral assays while providing a very high degree of temporal resolution.

Implementation and Impact of Perinatal Food Is Medicine Programs: A Qualitative Research Study.

Background: Improving social determinants of health, such as access to nutritious food, is crucial for achieving health equity. Nutrition insecurity, especially during pregnancy and postpartum, can lead to poor maternal and birth outcomes. Food is Medicine (FIM) programs, which integrate food into the health care system to prevent or manage disease, have the potential to improve nutrition insecurity, but research about perinatal FIM programs is limited.

Identifying interaction types and functionality for automated vehicle virtual assistants: An exploratory study using speech acts cluster analysis.

Onboard virtual assistants with the ability to converse with users are gaining favour in supporting effective human-machine interaction to meet safe standards of operation in automated vehicles (AVs). Previous studies have highlighted the need to communicate situation information to effectively support the transfer of control and responsibility of the driving task. This study explores 'interaction types' used for this complex human-machine transaction, by analysing how situation information is conveyed and reciprocated during a transfer of control scenario.

The Egg-Counter: A novel microfluidic platform for characterization of egg-laying.

Reproduction is a fundamental process that shapes the demography of every living organism yet is often difficult to assess with high precision in animals that produce large numbers of offspring. Here, we present a novel microfluidic research platform for studying egg-laying. The platform provides higher throughput than traditional solid-media assays while providing a very high degree of temporal resolution.

Understanding the Liquid Structure in Mixtures of Ionic Liquids with Semiperfluoroalkyl or Alkyl Chains.

By mixing ionic liquids (ILs), it is possible to fine-tune their bulk and interfacial structure. This alters their physical properties and solvation behavior and is a simple way to prepare a collection of ILs whose properties can be tuned to optimize a specific application. In this study, mixtures of perfluorinated and alkylated ILs have been prepared, and links between composition, properties, and nanostructure have been investigated.

Tissue-Specific Vulnerability to Apoptosis in Machado-Joseph Disease.

Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the gene encoding the ataxin-3 protein. Several cellular processes, including transcription and apoptosis, are disrupted in MJD. To gain further insights into the extent of dysregulation of mitochondrial apoptosis in MJD and to evaluate if expression alterations of specific apoptosis genes/proteins can be used as transcriptional biomarkers of disease, the expression levels of , and and the / ratio (an indicator of susceptibility to apoptosis) were assessed in blood and post-mortem brain samples from MJD subjects and MJD transgenic mice and controls.

Single-cell analysis reveals prognostic fibroblast subpopulations linked to molecular and immunological subtypes of lung cancer.

Fibroblasts are poorly characterised cells that variably impact tumour progression. Here, we use single cell RNA-sequencing, multiplexed immunohistochemistry and digital cytometry (CIBERSORTx) to identify and characterise three major fibroblast subpopulations in human non-small cell lung cancer: adventitial, alveolar and myofibroblasts. Alveolar and adventitial fibroblasts (enriched in control tissue samples) localise to discrete spatial niches in histologically normal lung tissue and indicate improved overall survival rates when present in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD).

Blockades of effector T cell senescence and exhaustion synergistically enhance antitumor immunity and immunotherapy.

Background: Current immunotherapies still have limited successful rates among cancers. It is now recognized that T cell functional state in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key determinant for effective antitumor immunity and immunotherapy. In addition to exhaustion, cellular senescence in tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) has recently been identified as an important T cell dysfunctional state induced by various malignant tumors.

Lagging coverage for mental health services among children and adolescents through home and community-based Medicaid waivers.

Problem: Many states cover mental health home and community-based services (HCBS) for youth through 1915(c) Medicaid HCBS waivers that allow states to waive certain Medicaid eligibility criteria and define high-risk populations based on age, medical condition(s), and disability status. We sought to evaluate how States are covering children and adolescents with mental health needs through 1915(c) waivers compared to other youth waiver populations.

Methods: Data elements were extracted from Medicaid 1915(c) approved waivers applications for all included waivers targeting any pediatric age range through October 31, 2018.

Daily Inclusion of Resistant Starch-Containing Potatoes in a Dietary Guidelines for Americans Dietary Pattern Does Not Adversely Affect Cardiometabolic Risk or Intestinal Permeability in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Poor diet quality influences cardiometabolic risk. Although potatoes are suggested to adversely affect cardiometabolic health, controlled trials that can establish causality are limited. Consistent with potatoes being rich in micronutrients and resistant starch, we hypothesized that their inclusion in a Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)-based dietary pattern would improve cardiometabolic and gut health in metabolic syndrome (MetS) persons.

What can we learn from 28 years of monitoring of fish tissue polychlorinated biphenyls in Michigan's rivers?

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are an important part of chemical legacies in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. Used in industrial products worldwide, PCBs are now extensively monitored because of their potential toxicity to humans. Fish consumption is a major pathway for exposure.

Moderate Intensity Exercise in Pre-manifest Huntington's Disease: Results of a 6 months Trial.

Background: While it has been shown that aerobic exercise interventions are well tolerated in participants with the Huntington disease (HD) gene mutation, no study to date has tested whether an aerobic exercise intervention benefits brain structure and function in pre-manifest HD.

Objective: In this study we utilized magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques to assess the efficacy of moderate-to-vigorous exercise treatment relative to active stretching and toning control.

Methods: Forty pre-manifest participants with confirmed HD gene expansion were recruited into a two-arm intervention study that included a moderate-to-vigorous intensity home-based walking exercise intervention (N=34) and an active stretching and toning control intervention (N=6).

Alternative tissue fixation for combined histopathological and molecular analysis in a clinically representative setting.

Formalin is the principal tissue fixative used worldwide for clinical and research purposes. Despite optimal preservation of morphology, its preservation of DNA and RNA is poor. As clinical diagnostics increasingly incorporates molecular-based analysis, the requirement for maintaining nucleic acid quality is of increasing importance.

Pre-existing polymerase-specific T cells expand in abortive seronegative SARS-CoV-2.

Individuals with potential exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) do not necessarily develop PCR or antibody positivity, suggesting that some individuals may clear subclinical infection before seroconversion. T cells can contribute to the rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus infections. Here we hypothesize that pre-existing memory T cell responses, with cross-protective potential against SARS-CoV-2 (refs.

Large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma: consensus statement from The British Thoracic Oncology Group and the Association of Pulmonary Pathologists.

Over the past 10 years, lung cancer clinical and translational research has been characterised by exponential progress, exemplified by the introduction of molecularly targeted therapies, immunotherapy and chemo-immunotherapy combinations to stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer. Along with squamous and small cell lung cancers, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) now represents an area of unmet need, particularly hampered by the lack of an encompassing pathological definition that can facilitate real-world and clinical trial progress. The steps we have proposed in this article represent an iterative and rational path forward towards clinical breakthroughs that can be modelled on success in other lung cancer pathologies.

Race, witness credibility, and jury deliberation in a simulated drug trafficking trial.

Objective: The present study integrates several distinct lines of jury decision-making research by examining how the racial identities of the defendant and an informant witness interact in a federal drug conspiracy trial scenario and by assessing whether jurors' individual racial identity and jury group racial composition influence their judgments.

Hypotheses: We predicted that jurors would be biased against the Black defendant and would be more likely to convict after exposure to a White informant, among other hypotheses.

Method: We recruited 822 nonstudent jury-eligible participants assigned to 144 jury groups.

Prediction of severe neutropenia and diarrhoea in breast cancer patients treated with abemaciclib.

Introduction: Neutropenia and diarrhoea are common and potentially serious adverse events associated with abemaciclib in advanced breast cancer (ABC), and the risk factors have been minimally explored. The study aimed to develop clinical prediction tools that allow personalized predictions of neutropenia and diarrhoea following abemaciclib initiation.

Materials And Methods: Data was pooled from MONARCH 1, 2 and 3 trials investigating abemaciclib.

Persistent T Cell Repertoire Perturbation and T Cell Activation in HIV After Long Term Treatment.

Objective: In people living with HIV (PLHIV), we sought to test the hypothesis that long term anti-retroviral therapy restores the normal T cell repertoire, and investigate the functional relationship of residual repertoire abnormalities to persistent immune system dysregulation.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study in PLHIV and HIV-negative volunteers, of circulating T cell receptor repertoires and whole blood transcriptomes by RNA sequencing, complemented by metadata from routinely collected health care records.

Results: T cell receptor sequencing revealed persistent abnormalities in the clonal T cell repertoire of PLHIV, characterized by reduced repertoire diversity and oligoclonal T cell expansion correlated with elevated CD8 T cell counts.

AMEE Consensus Statement: Planetary health and education for sustainable healthcare.

The purpose of this Consensus Statement is to provide a global, collaborative, representative and inclusive vision for educating an interprofessional healthcare workforce that can deliver sustainable healthcare and promote planetary health. It is intended to inform national and global accreditation standards, planning and action at the institutional level as well as highlight the role of individuals in transforming health professions education. Many countries have agreed to 'rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes' to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 45% within 10 years and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, including in healthcare.