Delayed Respiratory Depression Secondary to Opioid Overdose After Multimodal Analgesia With Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks in Postanesthesia Care Unit: A Case Report.

Pain control after open abdominal surgery often includes multimodal analgesia with thoracic epidural or transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. After liposomal bupivacaine was approved for TAP blocks in 2015, it became an alternative to indwelling catheters. However, the pharmacokinetics and safety of its use during the perioperative period have not been thoroughly investigated, especially in conjunction with parenteral opioids.

Achalasia in Pregnancy: Botulinum Toxin A Injection of Lower Esophageal Sphincter.

Background. Achalasia, a rare esophageal motility disorder that may cause malnutrition during pregnancy, can result in fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Many medical treatment regimens are contraindicated or not tolerated during pregnancy, and surgery is generally avoided due to potential risks to the fetus.