Publications by authors named "Emily S Heilbrunn"
Objective: Little is known about deployment of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mab) in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), a high-risk population for COVID-19-related complications. We assessed the utilization of mabs in SNFs and identified facility characteristics associated with effective use.
Design: Retrospective cohort study assessing the correlation of SNF characteristics with increasing mab use.
Background: Nursing homes were ill-equipped for the pandemic; though facilities are required to have infection control staff, only 3% have taken a basic infection control course. Little is known about the implementation of effective practices outside of the acute care setting. We proposed an intervention utilizing Project ECHO, to connect Penn State University experts with nursing home staff and administrators to explore how infection control guidelines can be implemented effectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, gun violence (GV) rates in the United States (US) rose by 30%. We estimate the relative risk of GV in the US in the second year compared to the first year of the pandemic, in time and space.
Methods: Daily police reports of gun-related injuries and deaths in the 50 states and the District of Columbia from March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2022, were obtained from the GV Archive.
Objective: To identify the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes across a 12-month period in 2020 and 2021.
Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records from five academic health systems in Pennsylvania and Maryland, including patients with COVID-19 with type 2 diabetes or at risk of type 2 diabetes. Patients were classified based on 30-day outcomes: (1) no hospitalization; (2) hospitalization only; or (3) a composite measure including admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), intubation, or death.
Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are associated with high rates of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The promotion of folic acid fortification and supplementation in pregnant women by the Food and Drug Administration significantly decreased the incidence of NTDs in the United States. This practice is not widely adopted in Eastern Africa countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, gun violence (GV) in the United States (U.S.) was postulated to increase strain on already taxed healthcare resources, such as blood products, intensive care beds, personal protective equipment, and even hospital staff.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Over 1 billion individuals worldwide experience some form of sleep apnoea, and this number is steadily rising. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) can negatively influence one's quality of life and potentially increase mortality risk. However, the association between OSA and mortality has not been reliably estimated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSusceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the risk of mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) is largely unknown. PLWHA are unique due to their altered immune system from their history of chronic HIV infection and their use of antiretroviral therapy, some of which have been used experimentally to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the epidemiology of SARS-COV-2/HIV coinfection and estimate associated mortality from COVID-19 (Prospero Registration ID: CRD42020187980).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Researchers investigated the link between RAAS inhibitors (ACE inhibitors and ARBs) and COVID-19 mortality risk in patients with hypertension, finding that prior use of these medications was associated with a 35% lower risk of death from COVID-19.
- A comprehensive search of databases identified 14 studies involving over 73,000 patients, with a noted high level of variability between those studies.
- The study suggests a moderate evidence quality for the protective effect of RAAS inhibitors, indicating they may benefit hypertensive patients infected with COVID-19.
Background: Estimating the risk of pre-existing comorbidities on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality may promote the importance of targeting populations at risk to improve survival. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the association of pre-existing comorbidities with COVID-19 mortality.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, SCOPUS, OVID, and Cochrane Library databases, and medrxiv.