Chronotherapeutic considerations of benzodiazepine administration for agitation management in the emergency department.

Objective: Agitation in the emergency department (ED) affects up to 2.6% of encounters, posing significant risks to patients and caregivers. This review investigates the impact of circadian rhythms on benzodiazepine (BZD) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, focusing on how dosing time influences outcomes in managing acute agitation.