Influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalizations and emergency department or urgent care encounters for children, adolescents, and adults during the 2023-2024 season, United States.

Background: The 2023-2024 influenza season had predominant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus activity, but A(H3N2) and B viruses co-circulated. Seasonal influenza vaccine strains were well-matched to these viruses.

Methods: Using health care encounters data from health systems in 8 states, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated medical encounters from October 2023-April 2024.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged 60 years and older in the USA, October, 2023, to March, 2024: a test-negative design analysis.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines first recommended for use during 2023 were efficacious against lower respiratory tract disease in clinical trials. Limited real-world data regarding respiratory syncytial virus vaccine effectiveness are available. To inform vaccine policy and address gaps in evidence from the clinical trials, we aimed to assess the effectiveness against respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged at least 60 years.

A systematic review of attachment interventions for people with intellectual disability and their caregivers.

Objective: The current mixed-methods systematic review evaluated available literature to find out which attachment-based interventions have been implemented for people with intellectual disability and whether they are efficacious and acceptable.

Methods: Five databases were searched (in July 2023 and April 2024), using terms related to intellectual disability and attachment-based interventions. The search yielded 793 papers; 15 papers (13 studies) met inclusion criteria.

Continuity of Operations in Newborn Screening: Lessons Learned from Three Incidents.

Three incidents that impacted two US newborn screening (NBS) programs highlight the importance of contingency planning for the continuity of operations (COOP). Other NBS programs may benefit from the experience of these state programs for their own contingency planning efforts. Through after-action reviews conducted post-incident, crucial elements for the successful management of an incident were identified.

Emerging Health Care Leaders: Lessons From a Novel Leadership and Community-Building Program.

Background: Although there are guidelines and ideas on how to improve public health education, translating innovative approaches into actual training programs remains challenging. In this article, we provide an overview of some initiatives that tried to put this into action in different parts of the world, and present the Emerging Health Care Leader (EHCL), a novel training program developed in Switzerland.

Policy Options And Recommendations: Looking at the experience of the EHCL, we propose policymakers and other interested stakeholders who wish to help reform public health education to support these initiatives not only through funding, but by valuing them through the integration of early career healthcare leaders in projects where their developing expertise can be practically applied.

Interim Estimates of 2023-24 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - United States.

In the United States, annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months. Using data from four vaccine effectiveness (VE) networks during the 2023-24 influenza season, interim influenza VE was estimated among patients aged ≥6 months with acute respiratory illness-associated medical encounters using a test-negative case-control study design. Among children and adolescents aged 6 months-17 years, VE against influenza-associated outpatient visits ranged from 59% to 67% and against influenza-associated hospitalization ranged from 52% to 61%.

Pregnancy and infant outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy during delta variant predominance - Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Pregnant People and Infants.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth, stillbirth, and maternal and infant complications. Previous research suggests an increased risk of severe COVID-19 illness and stillbirth in pregnant people during delta variant predominance in 2021; however, those studies did not assess timing of infection during pregnancy, and few of them described COVID-19 vaccination status.

Objective: Using a large population-based cohort, this study compared pregnancy and infant outcomes and described demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant people with SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to and during the delta variant period.

Ethical, legal, regulatory, and policy issues concerning embryoids: a systematic review of the literature.

Recent advances in methods to culture pluripotent stem cells to model human development have resulted in entities that increasingly have recapitulated advanced stages of early embryo development. These entities, referred to by numerous terms such as embryoids, are becoming more sophisticated and could resemble human embryos ever more closely as research progresses. This paper reports a systematic review of the ethical, legal, regulatory, and policy questions and concerns found in the literature concerning human embryoid research published from 2016 to 2022.

Pregnancy and infant outcomes by trimester of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy-SET-NET, 22 jurisdictions, January 25, 2020-December 31, 2020.

Objectives: We describe clinical characteristics, pregnancy, and infant outcomes in pregnant people with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by trimester of infection.

Study Design: We analyzed data from the Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Mothers and Babies Network and included people with infection in 2020, with known timing of infection and pregnancy outcome. Outcomes are described by trimester of infection.

Donkey Skin Trade and Its Non-compliance With Legislative Framework.

Donkeys () are facing a global crisis. Their welfare, and even survival, is being compromised as the demand for their skins increases. This demand is driven by the need to supply raw materials to produce , a Traditional Chinese Medicine made from collagen extracted from donkey skins.

Chemodivergence between Electrophiles in Cross-Coupling Reactions.

Chemodivergent cross-couplings are those in which either one of two (or more) potentially reactive functional groups can be made to react based on choice of conditions. In particular, this review focuses on cross-couplings involving two different (pseudo)halides that can compete for the role of the electrophilic coupling partner. The discussion is primarily organized by pairs of electrophiles including chloride vs.

Solvent Effects on the Selectivity of Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Couplings.

The use of polar solvents MeCN or dimethylformamide (DMF) was previously shown to induce a selectivity switch in the Pd/P Bu-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of chloroaryl triflates. This phenomenon was attributed to the ability of polar solvents to stabilize anionic transition states for oxidative addition. However, we demonstrate that selectivity in this reaction does not trend with solvent dielectic constant.

Care Coordination in Palliative Home Care: Who Plays the Key Role?

Background: Clearly identified professionals who are appointed for care coordination are invaluable for ensuring efficient coordination of health care services. However, challenges to identifying roles in palliative care are well documented in literature. Notably, in order to meet high demands on palliative home care settings, many care practitioners perform tasks that surpass the responsibilities and regulations of their role, including care coordination.

An investigation of the challenges to coordination at the interface of primary and specialized palliative care services in Switzerland: A qualitative interview study.

Good coordination of healthcare services is vital for ensuring health cost efficiency and high-quality care for patients. It is especially important in the context of palliative care as services are often highly fragmented due to a combination of diverse professional groups, organizations, and approaches to care. However, the coordination of services in this field is often evaluated as insufficient.

N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand-Controlled Chemodivergent Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling.

Two N-heterocyclic carbene ligands provide orthogonal chemoselectivity during the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura (SM) cross-coupling of chloroaryl triflates. The use of SIPr [SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene] leads to selective cross-coupling at chloride, while the use of SIMes [SIMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene] provides selective coupling at triflate. With most chloroaryl triflates and arylboronic acids, ligand-controlled selectivity is high (≥10:1).

"Could you sit down please?" A qualitative analysis of employees' experiences of standing in normally-seated workplace meetings.

Office workers spend most of their working day sitting, and prolonged sitting has been associated with increased risk of poor health. Standing in meetings has been proposed as a strategy by which to reduce workplace sitting but little is known about the standing experience. This study documented workers' experiences of standing in normally seated meetings.

Kidney Outcomes and Risk Factors for Nephritis (Flare/) in a Multiethnic Cohort of Pregnant Patients with Lupus.

Background And Objectives: Kidney disease is a critical concern in counseling patients with lupus considering pregnancy. This study sought to assess the risk of renal flares during pregnancy in women with previous lupus nephritis in partial or complete remission, particularly in those with antidouble-stranded DNA antibodies and low complement levels, and the risk of new-onset nephritis in patients with stable/mildly active SLE.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: We assessed active nephritis (renal flares and kidney disease) and associated predictors during pregnancy in patients with lupus with urine protein ≤1000 mg and serum creatinine <1.

Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Arylation of Azoles with Perfluoro- and Nitrobenzoates.

This manuscript describes a Ni-catalyzed method for the direct arylation of azoles using benzoates. Perfluorophenyl and 2-nitrobenzoates participate in these reactions to afford the corresponding products in modest to good yields. The efficiency of the arylations with perfluorobenzoates is highly dependent on both the degree and position of fluorine atoms in the benzoates.

Copy Number Variation Screen Identifies a Rare De Novo Deletion at Chromosome 15q13.1-13.3 in a Child with Language Impairment.

A significant proportion of children (up to 7% in the UK) present with pronounced language difficulties that cannot be explained by obvious causes like other neurological and medical conditions. A substantial genetic component is predicted to underlie such language problems. Copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions, such as autism and schizophrenia, but it is not fully established to what extent they might contribute to language disorders.