Double peeling during vitrectomy for macular pucker: the Charles L. Schepens Lecture.

Epiretinal membranes are commonly encountered in retinal practice, and they result in decreased vision. The present work addresses whether peeling of the internal limiting membrane is necessary during vitrectomy for macular pucker. We performed a retrospective analysis to investigate the effects of "single peeling," in which only the epiretinal membrane was peeled, and "double peeling," in which the internal limiting membrane was also stained and peeled.

Optic disk pit morphology and retinal detachment: optical coherence tomography with intraoperative correlation.

Background: The pathogenesis of optic nerve head pits and associated retinal detachment, and the most effective surgical intervention when visual loss develops, remains unclear.

Methods: The morphology of the optic disk in patients with pits was investigated with optical coherence tomography. For those who underwent surgical treatment for pit-associated retinal detachment, the efficacy of treatment by vitrectomy and separation of the posterior hyaloid, with and without additional peeling of peripapillary tissue, was assessed.

Electroconvulsive therapy-induced persistent retrograde amnesia: could it be minimised by ketamine or other pharmacological approaches?

Background: Certain pharmacological agents administered during electroconvulsive therapy may have the potential to prevent persistent retrograde amnesia induced during electroconvulsive therapy. This review examines mechanisms for electroconvulsive therapy-induced retrograde amnesia, and evaluates the suitability of the anaesthetic ketamine for preventing this amnestic outcome.

Methods: A review of human studies, animal models and theoretical models in light of memory dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy was conducted.