Investigating the presence of peer bias against ptosis in young children.

Purpose: To investigate the presence of peer bias directed at young children aged 3-6 years of age and the age at which this bias emerges.

Methods: Children (3-6 years) completed an individual testing session involving two tasks: (1) a paired photograph task examined the effect of the appearance of ptosis on children's preferences in two different social situations (toy sharing and birthday party); (2) a ranking task investigated whether different grades of ptosis are evaluated differently by children of different ages.

Results: A total of 217 children were included.

Biased interpretation in paranoia and its modification.

Background And Objectives: Cognitive models of psychosis implicate interpretation biases as one of the mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of symptoms. First we measured the strength of association between interpretation biases and psychosis-relevant traits. Next we manipulated these biases and quantified the effects of doing so on psychosis-relevant outcomes.