Multilevel associations of peer cognitive factors and adolescent cannabis use in a legal recreational cannabis region.

Background: Cannabis use can have unintended, harmful consequences for adolescents, a developmental group that struggles with heightened pressure to align with peer attitudes and behaviors. The role of social-cognitive factors in shifting cannabis use dynamics remains under explored, particularly in states where recreational cannabis use is legal.

Objectives: The present study examined multilevel longitudinal associations between resistance to peer influence, peer norms, and adolescent cannabis use over the course of 12 months.

Identifying competencies in advanced healthcare practice: an umbrella review.

The four pillars of advanced healthcare practice (AHCP) are clinical practice, leadership and management, education, and research. It is unclear, however; how competencies of AHCP as defined by individual health professions relate to these pillars. Addressing this knowledge gap will help to facilitate the operationalization of AHCP as a concept and help inform educational curricula.

Intersection between social inequality and emotion regulation on emerging adult cannabis use.

Emerging adulthood (EA; ages 18-25) is characterized by socioemotional and neurodevelopmental challenges. Cannabis is a widely used substance among EAs, and hazardous use may increase risk for sustained use patterns and related health consequences. Research shows differential increases in hazardous use by objective as well as subjective measures of social inequality, with more concerning trajectories for youth with greater experiences of social inequality.

Joint risk prediction for hazardous use of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco among adolescents: A preliminary study using statistical and machine learning.

For some, substance use during adolescence may be a stepping stone on the way to substance use disorders in adulthood. Risk prediction models may help identify adolescent users at elevated risk for hazardous substance use. This preliminary analysis used cross-sectional data (n = 270, ages 13-18) from the baseline dataset of a randomized controlled trial intervening with adolescent alcohol and/or cannabis use.

Cannabinoids for the treatment of cannabis use disorder: New avenues for reaching and helping youth?

Cannabis use peaks during adolescence and emerging adulthood, and cannabis use disorder (CUD) is associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes. This is particularly pertinent in youth, because the developing brain may be more vulnerable to adverse effects of frequent cannabis use. Combining evidence-based psychosocial interventions with safe and effective pharmacotherapy is a potential avenue to improve youth outcomes, but we lack approved CUD pharmacotherapies.

Firearms storage safety discussions in VA primary care: Staff perspectives.

Objective: To describe VHA primary care clinician and staff perspectives on conducting firearms storage safety (FSS) discussions in primary care, and to identify key approaches for primary care teams to facilitate FSS conversations.

Method: Qualitative analysis of transcripts and notes from focus groups with VA primary care staff and individual semi-structured interviews with primary care clinicians. One hundred-seven VHA primary care team members participated in one of four focus groups or individual semi-structured interviews (n = 5).

Integration of patient and clinician narratives into systematic reviews: An applied proof of concept.

Health systems currently underutilize systematic reviews. Here, we describe a proof of concept project designed to augment the standard systematic review process by presenting qualitative information as a companion to a review on deprescribing interventions. We conducted a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with Veterans Health Administration clinicians and Veterans to describe first-hand experiences of engaging in the deprescribing process.

Impacts of a Web-Based Course on Mental Health Clinicians' Attitudes and Communication Behaviors Related to Use of OpenNotes.

Objective: The OpenNotes initiative encourages health care systems to provide patients online access to clinical notes. Some individuals have expressed concerns about use of OpenNotes in mental health care. This study evaluated changes in mental health clinicians' attitudes and communications with patients after participation in a Web-based course designed to reduce potential for unintended consequences and enhance likelihood of positive outcomes of OpenNotes.

Hearing sensitivity in older adults: associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the health, aging and body composition study.

Objectives: To examine the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors and age-associated hearing loss in a cohort of older black and white adults.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study, a community-based cohort study of older adults from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Memphis, Tennessee.

Macular pigment optical density in the elderly: findings in a large biracial Midsouth population sample.

Purpose: To report the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) findings at 0.5 degrees of eccentricity from the fovea in elderly subjects participating in ARMA, a study of aging and age-related maculopathy (ARM) ancillary to the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study.

Methods: MPOD was estimated with a heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) method in a large biracial population sample of normal 79.

Estimation of macular pigment optical density in the elderly: test-retest variability and effect of optical blur in pseudophakic subjects.

The reproducibility of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) estimates in the elderly was assessed in 40 subjects (age: 79.1+/-3.5).

Serum estradiol level and risk of breast cancer during treatment with raloxifene.

Context: As endogenous estradiol increases, risk of breast cancer increases. Raloxifene competes with endogenous estrogen for binding to estrogen receptors in breast tissue. A woman's estradiol level may alter the effects of raloxifene on breast cancer and other outcomes.