Retained bullets and lead toxicity: a systematic review.

Introduction: Lead toxicity secondary to retained bullet(s) (RB) after a penetrating gunshot wound is a rare but likely underdiagnosed condition, given the substantial number of firearm injuries in the United States. There is currently no consensus on the indications for surveillance, chelation, or surgical intervention.

Objective: The purpose of our review is to summarize the literature on systemic lead toxicity secondary to RBs to help guide clinicians in the management of these patients.

Clinical outcome of massive acetaminophen overdose treated with standard-dose N-acetylcysteine.

Background: Recent recognition of "massive" acetaminophen (APAP) overdoses has led to the question of whether standard dosing of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is adequate to prevent hepatoxicity in these patients. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome for patients with massive APAP overdose who received standard intravenous NAC dosing of 300 mg/kg over 21 h.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study conducted by chart review of APAP overdoses reported to a regional poison center from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2019.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycan modulation of Wnt5A signal transduction in metastatic melanoma cells.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are important modulators for optimizing signal transduction of many pathways, including the Wnt pathways. We demonstrate that HSPG glycosaminoglycan levels increased with increasing metastatic potential of melanoma cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that Wnt5A increases the invasiveness of melanoma cells.