Disrupted visual attention relates to cognitive development in infants with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Background: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 is a genetic condition diagnosed in infancy that substantially increases the likelihood of a child experiencing cognitive and developmental difficulties, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Children with NF1 show clear differences in attention, but whether these differences emerge in early development and how they relate to broader difficulties with cognitive and learning skills is unclear. To address this question requires longitudinal prospective studies from infancy, where the relation between domains of visual attention (including exogenous and endogenous shifting) and cognitive development can be mapped over time.

Parent-infant interaction in the context of emerging neurodiversities: Neurofibromatosis 1 and elevated likelihood of ADHD.

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are distinct conditions with similarities in developmental course. Research suggests that neurodivergent processes in both conditions begin in the first year, altering infant behaviour and how parents respond, over time reducing social-communicative opportunities for social brain development. This study aimed to investigate parent-infant interactions in both groups relative to typically developing infants (TD) at 10 and 14 months.

Use of large language model (LLM) to enhance content and structure of a school of dentistry LibGuide.

A librarian used a large language model (LLM) to revise a dentistry subject LibGuide. Prompts were used to identify methods for optimizing navigational structure for usability, highlight library-specific information students need additional help with, and write summaries of page content. Post-revision, LibGuide access increased, and students provided anecdotal feedback that they perceive the changes positively.

Simple Executive Function as an endophenotype of autism-ADHD, and differing associations between simple versus complex Executive Functions and autism/ADHD traits.

Autism and ADHD are associated with difficulties with Executive Functions (EFs), but the prevalence and nature of these difficulties in early development is not well understood. In this longitudinal study, 107 children with a family history of autism and/or ADHD (FH-autism/ADHD), and 24 children with No-FH-autism/ADHD completed multiple EF tasks (5 at age 2 years, 7 at age 3 years). Parents reported on their child's autism- (Q-CHAT at age 2, SRS-2 at age 3), and ADHD-related traits (CBCL DSM-ADHD scale, both ages).

The Four-line Algorithm for the Treatment of Unilateral Cleft Lip.

Background: Several factors affect the outcome of a repaired unilateral cleft lip (UCL). Some of these, like the surgeon's expertise, are hard to evaluate, whereas others can be better evaluated objectively using the cleft severity index and the surgical technique used.

Methods: This study includes patients of Operation Smile Ecuador and was done in 2 parts.

A multimodal neural signature of face processing in autism within the fusiform gyrus.

Atypical face processing is commonly reported in autism. Its neural correlates have been explored extensively across single neuroimaging modalities within key regions of the face processing network, such as the fusiform gyrus (FFG). Nonetheless, it is poorly understood how variation in brain anatomy and function jointly impacts face processing and social functioning.

Family wealth and adolescent physical health.

Inequalities in the distribution of wealth among families with children may have deleterious health consequences, especially for adolescent children. Marked by significant psychosocial and physiological changes, adolescence is a period when socioeconomic differences in chronic disease risk factors are observed. Unfortunately, research on socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health has overlooked wealth, focusing instead on differences in health based on household income and parental educational attainment.

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Classification and Metabolic Characteristics for Informing and Advancing Treatment.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remain significant challenges in haematological oncology. This review examines the pathophysiology, classification, and risk stratification of these aggressive malignancies, emphasising their impact on treatment strategies and prognosis. We discuss current standard-of-care treatments, including chemotherapy regimens and targeted therapies, while addressing the associated adverse effects and hypersensitivity reactions.

Tips for Incorporating Authentic Assessment into Health Profession Courses.

Student engagement with learning material is significantly affected by if, and how, students will be assessed. Despite the influence of assessment technique on student engagement, traditional methods like multiple-choice question examinations are most common despite known limitations. Authentic assessment, an alternative option, is a method that simulates a real-world scenario or problem encountered in practice where students must demonstrate a task or skill or create a product as a final outcome.

Development and refinement of the Cardiovascular Health Equity through Food (CHEF) intervention for childhood cancer survivors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and refine Cardiovascular Health Equity through Food (CHEF), an intervention to address food insecurity (FI) in early childhood cancer survivors (CCS).

Methods: Single-center mixed-methods pilot study of a novel "food is medicine" intervention evaluating acceptability, satisfaction, and opportunities for refinement. CHEF participants were provided: (1) meal-kit delivery for 3 household meals/week for 3 months and (2) application assistance for federal nutrition benefits.

A feasibility randomized controlled trial of an individually delivered, peer support intervention to reduce the impact of psychosis stigma and discrimination for people with psychosis: the let's talk study.

Background: Stigma of mental health conditions hinders recovery and well-being. The Honest, Open, Proud (HOP) program shows promise in reducing stigma but there is uncertainty about the feasibility of a randomized trial to evaluate a peer-delivered, individual adaptation of HOP for psychosis (Let's Talk).

Methods: A multi-site, Prospective Randomized Open Blinded Evaluation (PROBE) design, feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the peer-delivered intervention (Let's Talk) to treatment as usual (TAU).

Transmission models of respiratory infections in carceral settings: A systematic review.

Background: The prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks in carceral settings face unique challenges. Transmission modeling is a powerful tool for understanding and addressing these challenges, but reviews of modeling work in this context pre-date the proliferation of outbreaks in jails and prisons during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We conducted a systematic review of studies using transmission models of respiratory infections in carceral settings before and during the pandemic.

Conceptual framework for data harmonisation in mental health using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: an example with the R2D2-MH consortium.

Introduction: Advancing research and support for neurologically diverse populations requires novel data harmonisation methods that are capable of aligning with contemporary approaches to understanding health and disability.

Objectives: We present the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a conceptual framework to support harmonisation of mental health data and present a proof of principle within the Risk and Resilience in Developmental Diversity and Mental Health (R2D2-MH) consortium.

Method: 138 measures from various mental health datasets were linked to the ICF following the WHO's established linking rules.

Combining Real-Time Neuroimaging With Machine Learning to Study Attention to Familiar Faces During Infancy: A Proof of Principle Study.

Looking at caregivers' faces is important for early social development, and there is a concomitant increase in neural correlates of attention to familiar versus novel faces in the first 6 months. However, by 12 months of age brain responses may not differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar faces. Traditional group-based analyses do not examine whether these 'null' findings stem from a true lack of preference within individual infants, or whether groups of infants show individually strong but heterogeneous preferences for familiar versus unfamiliar faces.

The journey to diagnosis of wild-type transthyretin-mediated (ATTRwt) amyloidosis: a path with multisystem involvement.

Background: Wild-type and hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (ATTRwt and ATTRv amyloidosis, respectively) are progressive, fatal diseases with a broad range of clinical presentations and multisystem effects. Despite having a higher prevalence, ATTRwt amyloidosis is less well characterized due to its non-hereditary nature, and its relatively poorer disease awareness delays diagnosis. Understanding of its natural history has evolved in recent years, but this is largely based on physician-collected data rather than patients' reports of their own experiences.

Translation of Systematic Review LibGuide Content Using Plain Language and Scientific Writing Best Practices.

This report describes the incorporation of plain language and scientific communication best practices to supplement and simplify complex terminology and processes described on a highly utilized Systematic Review LibGuide. Guide content was evaluated pre- and post-revision using established metrics for readability, understandability, and actionability. The quality improvement process described in this report is accessible and feasible for other librarians to complete.

Incorporating Evidence-Based Teaching into Pharmacy Education: A Case Study on the Use of Educational Theory in the Backward Design of a Drug Information Course.

One way to incorporate evidence-based teaching into healthcare education is through backward design, a pedagogical design process that starts with creating learning outcomes, then moves to assessments, followed by content creation. This study uses backward design as a framework to present an applied experience of evidence-based teaching in the design and refinement of an introductory drug information course presented in the first year of a traditional 4-year PharmD curriculum. In addition to backward design, evidence-based teaching methods included scaffolding, pass-fail grading standards, formative assessments, flipped classroom, and gamification.

Perceptions of surgery in Nicaragua: A cross-sectional survey study within the surgery for the people project.

Barriers to medical care include lack of proper infrastructure and equipment; however, cultural barriers to care and poorly perceived quality of care, especially surgical care, can also negatively impact a patient's utilization of healthcare services. This study used patient-survey data from three unique municipalities in Nicaragua to examine pre-hospital barriers to care, including previous experience with healthcare, and how those experiences impact patient perceptions of surgery and care-seeking behavior. Surveys were administered in Siuna, Rosita, and Bonanza, Nicaragua between July 2019 and September 2020.

Attentional development is altered in toddlers with congenital heart disease.

Background: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common congenital abnormality. Survival rates are over 90%, however infants with CHD remain at high risk of attention and executive function impairments. These abilities are difficult to assess in toddlers because clinical assessments rely on language abilities which are commonly delayed in CHD.

Investigating the Predictive Validity of the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 in Children at Elevated Likelihood for Autism.

This study examined the recurrence rate of autism in siblings at elevated likelihood (EL) and the predictive validity of the Q-CHAT and ADOS-2 at 14 and 24 months (m) for a clinical best estimate (CBE) autism diagnosis at 3 years. 331 EL-siblings (47.9% girls) from the prospective longitudinal EuroSibs study underwent ADOS-2 assessments and caregivers completed the Q-CHAT at 14 m and 24 m.

Norm Entrepreneurship in Digital Trade: The Singapore-led Wave of Digital Trade Agreements.

Rulemaking in digital trade is proceeding apace. Many preferential trade agreements contain dedicated e-commerce or digital trade chapters and some states have entered into stand-alone digital economy agreements. This article seeks to establish whether, and to what extent, normative change is occurring in digital trade agreements, the nature of any changes, and identify which states are acting as norm entrepreneurs.

The intersection of travel burdens and financial hardship in cancer care: a scoping review.

Background: In addition to greater delays in cancer screening and greater financial hardship, rural-dwelling cancer patients experience greater costs associated with accessing cancer care, including higher cumulative travel costs. This study aimed to identify and synthesize peer-reviewed research on the cumulative and overlapping costs associated with care access and utilization.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted to identify relevant studies published after 1995 by searching 5 electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, and Healthcare Administration.