Synaptic Targets and Cellular Sources of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Vesicular Glutamate Transporter-3 Expressing Nerve Terminals in Relation to GABAergic Neurons in the Human Cerebral Cortex.

Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) regulates synaptic transmission through presynaptic receptors in nerve terminals, and its physiological roles are of clinical relevance. The cellular sources and synaptic targets of CB1-expressing terminals in the human cerebral cortex are undefined. We demonstrate a variable laminar pattern of CB1-immunoreactive axons and electron microscopically show that CB1-positive GABAergic terminals make type-2 synapses innervating dendritic shafts (69%), dendritic spines (20%) and somata (11%) in neocortical layers 2-3.

Hypermucoviscous presenting as sternocleidomastoid pyomyositis with subsequent lower extremity necrotising fasciitis.

Necrotising fasciitis (NF) is a severe, rapidly progressing infection of the muscular fascia and subcutaneous tissue. Monomicrobial NF from hypermucoviscous (hvKP-NF) is rare but highly virulent, most common in East Asia. This report reviews a unique case of hvKP-NF in a US male in his 40s with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, presenting with severe sepsis, neck swelling and calf pain.

Gait Velocity Alterations in Essential Tremor: a Meta-Analysis.

Essential tremor (ET) is a prevalent movement disorder that impairs gait function, including gait speed - a critical marker of mobility disability and adverse outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify differences in gait speed between individuals diagnosed with ET compared to people without a movement disorder diagnosis. Electronic databases were searched for studies comparing gait speed in ET patients and controls.

Adolescent behavioural intentions: Secondary outcomes from a cluster randomized controlled trial of the Health4Life school-based lifestyle modification intervention.

Intervention: Health4Life: a school-based eHealth intervention targeting multiple health behaviour change (MHBC).

Research Question: Does Health4Life impact secondary outcomes of self-reported intentions regarding six lifestyle behaviours in adolescents (alcohol use, tobacco smoking, screentime, physical activity, discretionary beverage consumption, and sleep)?

Methods: We implemented a cluster randomized controlled trial within secondary schools across three Australian states. Schools were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either the Health4Life intervention, which consisted of a six-module, web-based program and accompanying smartphone app, or an active control (standard health education).

Exploring Barriers and Facilitators to Patients and Members of the Public Contributing to Rapid Health Technology Assessments for NICE: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Evidence and External Assessment Groups (EAGs) assist in the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence's Technology Appraisal programme by either critiquing evidence provided by companies on different health technologies, or by carrying out an independent search and evaluation of the published evidence. Historically, there has been little patient and public involvement within the work of EAGs.

Objective: To identify key barriers and facilitators to patient and public involvement in EAG Reports feeding into the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's Health Technology Appraisal process.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of School-Based Preventive Interventions Targeting E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents.

This study aimed to examine the efficacy of school-based e-cigarette preventive interventions via a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane, and clinical trial registries for studies published between January 2000 and June 2023 using keywords for e-cigarettes, adolescents, and school. Of 1566 double-screened records, 11 met the criteria of targeting adolescents, evaluating an e-cigarette preventive intervention, being conducted in a secondary school, using a randomized controlled trial (RCT), cluster RCT, or quasi-experimental design, and comparing an intervention to a control.

Refining the Universal, School-Based OurFutures Mental Health Program to Be Trauma Informed, Gender and Sexuality Diversity Affirmative, and Adherent to Proportionate Universalism: Mixed Methods Participatory Design Process.

Background: Mental disorders are the leading cause of disease burden among youth. Effective prevention of mental disorders during adolescence is a critical public health strategy to reduce both individual and societal harms. Schools are an important setting for prevention; however, existing universal school-based mental health interventions have shown null, and occasionally iatrogenic, effects in preventing symptoms of common disorders, such as depression and anxiety.

Stone axes throw new light on Baltic stone age mortuary rites.

Despite their ubiquity, Mesolithic lithic tools given as funerary offerings have rarely been studied in detail. Whereas personal ornaments (e.g.

The Health4Life e-health intervention for modifying lifestyle risk behaviours of adolescents: secondary outcomes of a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of a school-based multiple health behaviour change e-health intervention for modifying risk factors for chronic disease (secondary outcomes).

Study Design: Cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting, Participants: Students (at baseline [2019]: year 7, 11-14 years old) at 71 Australian public, independent, and Catholic schools.

Exploring the association between adolescent-perceived parental monitoring on dietary intake.

Parenting practices such as parental monitoring are known to positively impact dietary behaviours in offspring. However, links between adolescent-perceived parental monitoring and dietary outcomes have rarely been examined and never in an Australian context. This study investigated whether adolescent-perceived parental monitoring is associated with more fruit and vegetable, and less sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and junk food consumption in Australian adolescents.

Assembly of FAP93 at the proximal axoneme in Chlamydomonas cilia.

To identify proteins specific to the proximal ciliary axoneme, we used iTRAQ to compare short (~2 μm) and full-length (~11 μm) axonemes of Chlamydomonas. Known components of the proximal axoneme such as minor dynein heavy chains and LF5 kinase as well as the ciliary tip proteins FAP256 (CEP104) and EB1 were enriched in short axonemes whereas proteins present along the length of the axoneme were of similar abundance in both samples. The iTRAQ analysis revealed that FAP93, a protein of unknown function, and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are enriched in the short axonemes.

Period Product Insecurity Is Increasing in the United States: Trends from 2018 to 2021.

Data documenting period product insecurity, or an inability to access products, in the United States have recently emerged. With multiple years of data now available, we assessed trends in period product insecurity among two nationally representative samples of U.S.

Scoping the Priorities and Concerns of Parents: Infodemiology Study of Posts on Mumsnet and Reddit.

Background: Health technology innovation is increasingly supported by a bottom-up approach to priority setting, aiming to better reflect the concerns of its intended beneficiaries. Web-based forums provide parents with an outlet to share concerns, advice, and information related to parenting and the health and well-being of their children. They provide a rich source of data on parenting concerns and priorities that could inform future child health research and innovation.

Health4Life eHealth intervention to modify multiple lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescent students in Australia: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background: Lifestyle risk behaviours are prevalent among adolescents and commonly co-occur, but current intervention approaches tend to focus on single risk behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the eHealth intervention Health4Life in modifying six key lifestyle risk behaviours (ie, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, recreational screen time, physical inactivity, poor diet, and poor sleep, known as the Big 6) among adolescents.

Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomised controlled trial in secondary schools that had a minimum of 30 year 7 students, in three Australian states.

Parental Information Needs and Intervention Preferences for Preventing Multiple Lifestyle Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents: Cross-sectional Survey Among Parents.

Background: Parents play an influential role in the health behaviors of their children, such as physical activity, dietary intake, sleep, screen time, and substance use. However, further research is needed to inform the development of more effective and engaging parent-based interventions targeting adolescent risk behaviors.

Objective: This study aimed to assess parents' knowledge about adolescent risk behaviors, barriers and facilitators to engaging in healthy behaviors, and preferences for a parent-based prevention intervention.

Period Product Resources and Needs in Schools: A Statewide Survey of Missouri's School Nurses.

Background: School nurses play a vital role in ensuring the health and well-being of their students, but little is known about menstrual products and resources available in schools. This study assessed period product resources and needs in Missouri schools from the perspective of school nurses and analyzed differences by district enrollment characteristics.

Methods: An electronic survey was emailed to public, charter, private, and parochial school nurses in Missouri who served fourth grade or older.

COVID-19 made it harder to access period products: The effects of a pandemic on period poverty.

Background: Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, a few studies started to highlight the extent of period poverty in the U.S., especially among low-income women and girls.

Parent-based interventions to improve multiple lifestyle risk behaviors among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lifestyle risk behaviors often co-occur and are prevalent among adolescents. Parent-based interventions addressing risk behaviors concurrently have the potential to improve youth and parent outcomes. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of parent-based interventions targeting multiple lifestyle risk behaviors among adolescents and parents.

Differential effects of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors on spontaneous inhibitory synaptic currents in spine-innervating double bouquet and parvalbumin-expressing dendrite-targeting GABAergic interneurons in human neocortex.

Diverse neocortical GABAergic neurons specialize in synaptic targeting and their effects are modulated by presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) suppressing neurotransmitter release in rodents, but their effects in human neocortex are unknown. We tested whether activation of group III mGluRs by L-AP4 changes GABAA receptor-mediated spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in 2 distinct dendritic spine-innervating GABAergic interneurons recorded in vitro in human neocortex. Calbindin-positive double bouquet cells (DBCs) had columnar "horsetail" axons descending through layers II-V innervating dendritic spines (48%) and shafts, but not somata of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase inactivation causes glycolytic phenotype in BAP1 mutant uveal melanoma.

Effective therapeutic options are still lacking for uveal melanoma (UM) patients who develop metastasis. Metastatic traits of UM are linked to BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) mutations. Cell metabolism is re-programmed in UM with BAP1 mutant UM, but the underlying mechanisms and opportunities for therapeutic intervention remain unclear.

Tonic GABA Receptor-Mediated Currents of Human Cortical GABAergic Interneurons Vary Amongst Cell Types.

Persistent anion conductances through GABA receptors (GABARs) are important modulators of neuronal excitability. However, it is currently unknown how the amplitudes of these currents vary among different cell types in the human neocortex, particularly among diverse GABAergic interneurons. We have recorded 101 interneurons in and near layer 1 from cortical tissue surgically resected from both male and female patients, visualized 84 of them and measured tonic GABAR currents in 48 cells with an intracellular [Cl] of 65 mm and in the presence of 5 μm GABA.

The AMP-dependent kinase pathway is upregulated in BAP1 mutant uveal melanoma.

Metastatic uveal melanoma (UM) responds poorly to targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Loss of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) via inactivating mutations in the BAP1 gene is associated with UM progression. Thus, molecular alterations caused by BAP1 dysfunction may be novel therapeutic targets for metastatic UM.