Lymph node (LN)-resident dendritic cells (DCs) are a promising target for vaccination given their professional antigen-presenting capabilities and proximity to a high concentration of immune cells. Direct intra-LN injection has been shown to greatly enhance the immune response to vaccine antigens compared to traditional intramuscular injection, but it is infeasible to implement clinically in a vaccination campaign context. Employing the passive lymphatic flow of antigens to target LNs has been shown to increase total antigen uptake by DCs more than inflammatory adjuvants, which recruit peripheral DCs.
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