Frog hatchlings use early environmental cues to produce an anticipatory resource-use phenotype.

Developmental plasticity can occur at any life stage, but plasticity that acts early in development may give individuals a competitive edge later in life. Here, we asked if early (pre-feeding) exposure to a nutrient-rich resource impacts hatchling morphology in Mexican spadefoot toad tadpoles, . A distinctive carnivore morph can be induced when tadpoles eat live fairy shrimp.

Ultrasound Image Quality Comparison Between a Handheld Ultrasound Transducer and Mid-Range Ultrasound Machine.

: Not all labor and delivery floors are equipped with ultrasound machines which can serve the needs of both obstetricians and anesthesiologists. This cross-sectional, blinded, randomized observational study compares the image resolution (RES), detail (DET), and quality (IQ) acquired by a handheld ultrasound, the Butterfly iQ, and a mid-range mobile device, the Sonosite M-turbo US (SU), to evaluate their use as a shared resource. : Seventy-four pairs of ultrasound images were obtained for different imaging purposes: 29 for spine (Sp), 15 for transversus abdominis plane (TAP) and 30 for diagnostic obstetrics (OB) purposes.

Transcriptomic bases of a polyphenism.

Polyphenism-in which multiple distinct phenotypes are produced from a single genotype owing to differing environmental conditions-is commonplace, but its molecular bases are poorly understood. Here, we examine the transcriptomic bases of a polyphenism in Mexican spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata). Depending on their environment, their tadpoles develop into either a default "omnivore" morph or a novel "carnivore" morph.

Evolutionary rescue via transgenerational plasticity: Evidence and implications for conservation.

When a population experiences severe stress from a changing environment, evolution by natural selection can prevent its extinction, a process dubbed "evolutionary rescue." However, evolution may be unable to track the sort of rapid environmental change being experienced by many modern-day populations. A potential solution is for organisms to respond to environmental change through phenotypic plasticity, which can buffer populations against change and thereby buy time for evolutionary rescue.

Novel Regional Anesthesia for Outpatient Surgery.

Purpose Of Review: Peripheral nerve blocks are effective and safe modalities for perioperative analgesia. But it remains unclear what blocks are adequate for ambulatory surgeries, as well as the proper patient management before and after discharge.

Recent Findings: Emerging nerve blocks have sparked interests due to ease to perform under ultrasound guidance and lower risks of adverse events.

A Practical Analgesia Approach to Fragility Hip Fracture: A Single-Center, Retrospective, Cohort Study on Femoral Nerve Block.

Objective: To determine whether an effective opioid-sparing pain control modality is desirable for an aging population.

Design: Retrospective observational study SETTING:: Academic medical center PATIENTS:: 192 patients with various types of fragility hip fractures INTERVENTION:: A single-injection femoral nerve block (FNB) MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS:: Pain score, opioid consumption RESULTS:: We observed statistically significant effects of FNB on visual analogue scale pain score and the rate of opioid consumption diminution in all commonly encountered types of fragility hip fractures. The pain score reduction by FNB in subcapital femoral neck fracture, transcervical femoral neck facture, and intertrochanteric fracture are all statistically significant (P < 0.