The Philadelphia Beverage Tax and Pediatric Weight Outcomes.

Importance: Taxation of sweetened beverages is a proposed strategy to reduce excess sugar consumption. The association of such taxes with health outcomes is not well studied. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the largest US city with a beverage tax.

Associations of the Philadelphia sweetened beverage tax with changes in adult body weight: an interrupted time series analysis.

Background: Sweetened beverage taxes are associated with large decreases in sugar-sweetened beverage sales, but their effects on weight outcomes are unclear. We examined associations of the 2017 Philadelphia beverage tax with changes in adult weight outcomes.

Methods: We obtained electronic health record data on adults 18-65 years old in Philadelphia (intervention) and other areas of Pennsylvania and New Jersey (control) from 2014 to 2019.

Pediatric Primary Care of Children With Intrauterine Opioid Exposure: Survey of Academic Teaching Practices.

Objective: Intrauterine opioid exposure (IOE) has increased over the last 2 decades and is associated with additional needs after birth. To date, no clinical guidelines address the primary care of children with IOE. We aimed to characterize clinician-reported screening and referral practices, barriers to effective primary care for children with IOE, and clinician- and practice-level characteristics associated with perceived barriers.

Comparison of Cardiovascular Health Between Parents and Non-Parents in NHANES 2011-2018.

Background And Objectives: We compared cardiovascular health for parents and non-parents using the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8).

Methods: This cross-sectional cohort analyzed 2011-2018 NHANES participants aged 20 to 54. The exposure was parenting, defined as living with a child.

Patient Survey Regarding Non-Medical Burdens of Care at a Parental Fetal Care Center.

Recognizing the paucity of literature describing the non-medical effects of care at a tertiary parental fetal care center upon families, the purpose of the study was to better examine the potential barriers that our patients face related to care in a parental fetal care center. An anonymous survey was sent via email to patients who received care from 2015 to 2021. The survey included questions regarding demographics, fetal diagnoses, non-medical expenses related to care, and the impact of care on patient relationships, employment, and other children.

Communication and Birth Experiences Among Black Birthing People Who Experienced Preterm Birth.

Purpose: Physically or psychologically distressing birth experiences can influence postpartum health, parenting efficacy, and future pregnancy plans. Communication deficits contribute to negative birth experiences. This qualitative analysis explored themes related to communication and negative birth experiences among Black birthing people who experienced preterm birth.

Integrating Care for Mother-Infant Dyads After Preterm Birth: A Qualitative Study of Clinician Perspectives on Feasibility.

Objective: There are gaps in receipt of maternal preventive services in the interconception period. Yet mother-infant dyads have frequent health care visits. Health systems have opportunities to better capitalize on existing visits to address dyad needs, but this possibility has not been fully explored.

Acceptability of Dyad Care Management After Preterm Birth: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: Care management programs for medically complex infants interact with parents after complicated pregnancies, when gaps in maternal health care are well documented. These care managers may have the relationships and skills to promote postpartum and interconception health and health care access. It is unknown whether expanding these care management models to address maternal needs would be acceptable.

Protein disorder and autoinhibition: The role of multivalency and effective concentration.

Regulation of protein binding through autoinhibition commonly occurs via interactions involving intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). These intramolecular interactions can directly or allosterically inhibit intermolecular protein or DNA binding, regulate enzymatic activity, and control the assembly of large macromolecular complexes. Autoinhibitory interactions mediated by protein disorder are inherently transient, making their identification and characterization challenging.

Reproductive outcomes after pregnancy-induced displacement of preexisting microchimeric cells.

Pregnancy confers partner-specific protection against complications in future pregnancy that parallel persistence of fetal microchimeric cells (FMcs) in mothers after parturition. We show that preexisting FMcs become displaced by new FMcs during pregnancy and that FMc tonic stimulation is essential for expansion of protective fetal-specific forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)-positive regulatory T cells (T cells). Maternal microchimeric cells and accumulation of T cells with noninherited maternal antigen (NIMA) specificity are similarly overturned in daughters after pregnancy, highlighting a fixed microchimeric cell niche.

A Qualitative Study of Perspectives of Black Women on Autonomy and Motivational Interviewing.

Purpose: Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based strategy to modify health behaviors, including some risk factors for adverse birth outcomes. Black women, who have disproportionately high rates of adverse birth outcomes, have reported mixed preferences on MI. This study explored the acceptability of MI among Black women who are at high risk for adverse birth outcomes.

Changes in Dental Outcomes After Implementation of the Philadelphia Beverage Tax.

Introduction: Beverage taxes are associated with declines in sugar-sweetened beverage sales and consumption, but few studies have evaluated the associations of these taxes with health outcomes. This study analyzed changes in dental decay after the implementation of the Philadelphia sweetened beverage tax.

Methods: Electronic dental record data were obtained on 83,260 patients living in Philadelphia and control areas from 2014 to 2019.

Improving breastfeeding care & support in a large, urban, pediatric primary care practice.

Background And Specific Aims: Human milk/breastfeeding is the gold standard for infant nutrition. Interventions in pediatric primary care could improve breastfeeding exclusivity and duration. Our specific aims were two-fold: 1) Accurately measure breastfeeding indicators and 2) Implement AAP Breastfeeding-Friendly Pediatric Office Practice Recommendations.

Sequence Properties of An Intramolecular Interaction That Inhibits p53 DNA Binding.

An intramolecular interaction between the p53 transactivation and DNA binding domains inhibits DNA binding. To study this autoinhibition, we used a fragment of p53, referred to as ND WT, containing the N-terminal transactivation domains (TAD1 and TAD2), a proline rich region (PRR), and the DNA binding domain (DBD). We mutated acidic, nonpolar, and aromatic amino acids in TAD2 to disrupt the interaction with DBD and measured the effects on DNA binding affinity at different ionic strengths using fluorescence anisotropy.

Low-income parents' perceptions of a sweetened beverage tax in Philadelphia.

To characterise perceptions of the Philadelphia Beverage Tax among low-income parents. We conducted semi-structured interviews and administered demographic questions via telephone. We based the interview guide and initial codebook on a conceptual model illustrating perceived fairness and effectiveness as essential for successfully adopting food policies.

Motivational interviewing to promote interconception health: A scoping review of evidence from clinical trials.

Background: Promoting interconception health can improve birth outcomes and long-term women's health. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based behavior change strategy that can address interconception health behaviors and health care engagement.

Objective: This scoping review assessed the evidence for using MI to promote interconception health and assessed features of successful MI interventions.

Prevalence and Predictors of Integrated Care Among Teen Mothers and Their Infants.

Purpose: Integrated models of primary care for parenting teens, in which teens and infants are cared for by the same clinical team on the same day, are associated with reduced repeated pregnancies and increased uptake of contraception and immunization. Our purpose was to determine how frequently teen-infant dyads receive integrated care.

Methods: This study used Medicaid Analytic eXtract data to create a retrospective cohort of mothers aged 12-17 linked with infants born from 2007-2012 in 12 states.

Implementing team-based newborn well care: Perspectives of nurses and physicians.

Purpose: Pediatric primary care redesign includes changes to clinical teams and clinical workflows. This study described the perspectives of pediatric clinicians on their experience with redesign.

Design And Methods: This qualitative study explored clinician perspectives on a newborn care redesign pilot at a pediatric primary care site.

Interconception Preventive Care and Recurrence of Pregnancy Complications for Medicaid-Insured Women.

Pregnancy complications may recur and are associated with potentially modifiable risks. The role of interconception preventive care in reducing repeat pregnancy complications is understudied. This retrospective cohort used 2007-2012 Medicaid claims from 12 states.

Association of a Sweetened Beverage Tax With Soda Consumption in High School Students.

Importance: Sweetened beverage taxes are one policy approach to reduce intake of added sugars. Soda is the leading source of added sugars in the US diet, but few studies have examined how such taxes influence sweetened beverage intake in youth.

Objective: To estimate the association between the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, beverage tax and adolescent soda intake.