Exploring the Limits of Artificial Intelligence for Referencing Scientific Articles.

Objective:  To evaluate the reliability of three artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots (ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Chatsonic) in generating accurate references from existing obstetric literature.

Study Design:  Between mid-March and late April 2023, ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Chatsonic were prompted to provide references for specific obstetrical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2020. RCTs were considered for inclusion if they were mentioned in a previous article that primarily evaluated RCTs published by the top medical and obstetrics and gynecology journals with the highest impact factors in 2020 as well as RCTs published in a new journal focused on publishing obstetric RCTs.

Localization of nitric oxide-producing hemocytes in Aedes and Culex mosquitoes infected with bacteria.

Mosquitoes are significant vectors of various pathogens. Unlike vertebrates, insects rely solely on innate immunity. Hemocytes play a crucial role in the cellular part of the innate immune system.

Pulmonary Manifestations and Vascular Changes in Pediatric Transplantation-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy.

Although transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) commonly complicates pediatric hematopoietic cellular therapy (HCT), pulmonary manifestations and histology of TA-TMA (pTA-TMA) are rarely reported, with scant data available on timing, risk factors, pathogenesis, and outcomes. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) are recognized manifestations of pTA-TMA. The objective of this study was to characterize the pathologic findings, outcomes, and coincident diagnoses preceding biopsy-proven pTA-TMA.

Diurnal migration of Echinostoma caproni (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in ICR mice.

Twenty-four female ICR mice, 12 acclimated to a 12 ∶ 12 light-dark cycle and 12 to a 12 ∶ 12 dark-light cycle for 7 days, were each infected with 10 metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni. Infected mice were maintained on their respective lighting regimes for 28 days. Six mice (3 from each group) were necropsied at 4-hr intervals beginning at 0700 hr.