Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Urge Urinary Incontinence and Overactive Bladder: Narrative Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Applicability to Implantable Devices.

The tibial nerve is an established target for neuromodulation in the management of overactive bladder (OAB) and its associated symptoms, including urge urinary incontinence (UUI). Technologies are currently available to deliver tibial nerve stimulation (TNS) through percutaneous devices or through implantable devices. The benefits and safety of percutaneous TNS have led to it as a guideline-recommended therapy.

Estimating herbarium specimen digitization rates: Accounting for human experience.

Premise: Herbaria are invaluable sources for understanding the natural world, and in recent years there has been a concerted effort to digitize these collections. To organize such efforts, a method for estimating the necessary labor is desired. This work analyzes digitization productivity reports of 105 participants from eight herbaria, deriving generalized labor estimates that account for human experience.

Small herbaria contribute unique biogeographic records to county, locality, and temporal scales.

Premise: With digitization and data sharing initiatives underway over the last 15 years, an important need has been prioritizing specimens to digitize. Because duplicate specimens are shared among herbaria in exchange and gift programs, we investigated the extent to which unique biogeographic data are held in small herbaria vs. these data being redundant with those held by larger institutions.

Novel microsatellite markers for evaluation of genetic diversity in the tetraploid flame azalea, Rhododendron calendulaceum (Ericaceae).

Microsatellite markers have become a popular and useful tool for investigating evolutionary processes at shallow taxonomic scales such as within a species or between extremely closely related species. Rhododendron sect. Pentanthera is a closely related group of deciduous azaleas that demonstrate both naturally occurring and horticulturally derived hybridization.

Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers for the widespread Labrador tea ().

Premise: Microsatellite markers were developed for Labrador tea (, Ericaceae) to facilitate downstream genetic investigation of this species and the extremely closely related, circumboreal subsect. .

Methods And Results: Forty-eight primer pairs were designed using Illumina data and screened for excellent amplification.

Microsatellite markers for the biogeographically enigmatic sandmyrtle (, Phyllodoceae: Ericaceae).

Premise: Microsatellite markers were developed for sandmyrtle, (Ericaceae), to facilitate phylogeographic studies in this taxon and possibly many of its close relatives.

Methods And Results: Forty-eight primer pairs designed from paired-end Illumina MiSeq data were screened for robust amplification. Sixteen pairs were amplified again, but with fluorescently labeled primers to facilitate genotyping.

Fifteen microsatellite markers for the Appalachian rockcap fern, (Polypodiaceae), and its relatives.

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite markers were developed for (Polypodiaceae) to facilitate investigation of species boundaries between and its putative hybrid, , and potentially among other members of the Miocene-age species complex.

Methods And Results: Forty-eight primer pairs were designed from Illumina data and screened for successful amplification. Sixteen pairs were genotyped and evaluated for variability within and among three populations in North Carolina, Vermont, and New Hampshire.

Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers for a widespread limestone endemic, (Cyperaceae: sect. ).

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite primers were developed for a widespread limestone endemic sedge, , to facilitate investigation of the genetic diversity and phylogeography of this taxon and its closest relative, .

Methods And Results: Forty-eight primer pairs were designed from Illumina sequence data and screened for suitability. Fourteen of these primer pairs were polymorphic and generated one to seven alleles per locus.

Digitization workflows for flat sheets and packets of plants, algae, and fungi.

Effective workflows are essential components in the digitization of biodiversity specimen collections. To date, no comprehensive, community-vetted workflows have been published for digitizing flat sheets and packets of plants, algae, and fungi, even though latest estimates suggest that only 33% of herbarium specimens have been digitally transcribed, 54% of herbaria use a specimen database, and 24% are imaging specimens. In 2012, iDigBio, the U.

Sharing and re-use of phylogenetic trees (and associated data) to facilitate synthesis.

Background: Recently, various evolution-related journals adopted policies to encourage or require archiving of phylogenetic trees and associated data. Such attention to practices that promote sharing of data reflects rapidly improving information technology, and rapidly expanding potential to use this technology to aggregate and link data from previously published research. Nevertheless, little is known about current practices, or best practices, for publishing trees and associated data so as to promote re-use.

Changes in novel biomarkers of disease activity in juvenile and adult dermatomyositis are sensitive biomarkers of disease course.

Objective: Muscle enzyme levels are insensitive markers of disease activity in juvenile and adult dermatomyositis (DM), especially during the active treatment phase. To improve our ability to monitor DM disease activity longitudinally, especially in the presence of immunomodulating agents, we prospectively evaluated whether interferon (IFN)-dependent peripheral blood gene and chemokine signatures could serve as sensitive and responsive biomarkers for change in disease activity in adult and juvenile DM.

Methods: Peripheral blood and clinical data were collected from 51 patients with juvenile or adult DM prospectively over 2 study visits.

Energy-dependent modulation of glucagon-like signaling in Drosophila via the AMP-activated protein kinase.

Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is the equivalent of mammalian glucagon, as it is the primary insect hormone that causes energy mobilization. In Drosophila, current knowledge of the mechanisms regulating AKH signaling is limited. Here, we report that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is critical for normal AKH secretion during periods of metabolic challenges.

Specific post-translational histone modifications of neutrophil extracellular traps as immunogens and potential targets of lupus autoantibodies.

Introduction: Autoreactivity to histones is a pervasive feature of several human autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones within neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may potentially drive the process by which tolerance to these chromatin-associated proteins is broken. We hypothesized that NETs and their unique histone PTMs might be capable of inducing autoantibodies that target histones.

Molecular phylogenetic relationships and a revised classification of the subfamily Ericoideae (Ericaceae).

Subfamily Ericoideae (Ericaceae) includes 19 genera in five recognized tribes. Relationships involving the deepest nodes have been difficult to resolve, limiting the potential for further cladistic studies within the Ericoideae. The current study analyses six molecular markers using Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony methods to improve phylogenetic resolution within the Ericoideae.