An Exploration of Analgesia Options for Australian Sheep.

During their lifetime, sheep undergo many painful husbandry and disease processes. Procedures undertaken on the farm, such as tail docking, castration, and mulesing, all cause considerable pain. In addition, sheep may experience painful diseases and injuries that require treatment by veterinary practitioners, and in biomedical research, sheep may undergo painful experimental procedures or conditions.

Biochemical characterization of a psychrophilic and halotolerant α-carbonic anhydrase from a deep-sea bacterium, .

Prokaryotic α-carbonic anhydrases (α-CA) are metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO to bicarbonate and proton. We had reported the first crystal structure of a pyschrohalophilic α-CA from a deep-sea bacterium, SS9. In this manuscript, we report the first biochemical characterization of α-CA (PprCA) which revealed several catalytic properties that are atypical for this class of CA's.