Report from a randomized control trial: improved alignment between circadian biology and sleep-wake behavior as a mechanism of depression symptom improvement in evening-type adolescents with depressive symptoms.

Study Objectives: An evening circadian preference is common among adolescents. It is characterized by a behavioral predilection for later sleep and wake timing and is associated with higher rates of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The present study aims to (a) test the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral sleep intervention (Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention; TranS-C) in a sample of adolescents with an evening circadian preference and clinically significant depressive symptoms and (b) evaluate improved alignment between circadian biology and sleep-wake behavior as a potential mechanism in the relationship between sleep and depression symptom improvement.

Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an increased risk for physical illnesses and early mortality. However, we do not know if it also increases the risk for adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this retrospective cohort study, we examined associations of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders with risk for hospitalization and death in the 60 days following a COVID-19 infection in 228,367 U.

Prior trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

Understanding correlates of COVID-19 vaccine intentions is critical for increasing vaccine uptake. Given associations of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with alterations in threat sensitivity and health behaviors, we hypothesized they could influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy and be important variables to consider in the design of vaccination campaigns. Data came from a longitudinal online study of 544 US adults with high levels of pre-pandemic trauma and PTSD, assessed in August/September 2020 and March/April 2021.

Worse sleep, worsening post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Poor sleep quality associated with increases in PTSD symptoms amongst those experiencing high threat of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health crisis with the potential to elicit and worsen psychiatric symptoms, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Identifying modifiable protective factors is critical for preventing and treating PTSD symptoms both during and following the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study examined associations of self-reported sleep quality and anticipatory threat appraisals of the pandemic with PTSD symptoms 6 months later in a sample enriched for pre-pandemic trauma exposure and PTSD.

Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for Adolescents Plus Text Messaging: Randomized Controlled Trial 12-month Follow-up.

Objective: The Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for Youth (TranS-C) was developed to improve sleep and circadian functioning in adolescents. This study examined the 12-month effects for TranS-C compared with psychoeducation (PE). We also investigated whether a text messaging intervention can promote maintenance of treatment effects.

A randomized controlled trial of the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) to improve serious mental illness outcomes in a community setting.

Objective: To determine if the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) improves functional impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and sleep and circadian functioning.

Method: Adults diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) and sleep and circadian dysfunction (N = 121) were randomly allocated to TranS-C plus usual care (TranS-C + UC; n = 61; 8 individual weekly sessions) or 6 months of Usual Care followed by Delayed Treatment with TranS-C (UC-DT; n = 60). Schizophrenia (45%) and anxiety disorders (47%) were common.

IL-6, sTNF-R2, and CRP in the context of sleep, circadian preference, and health in adolescents with eveningness chronotype: Cross-sectional and longitudinal treatment effects.

Background: Inflammation-related processes have emerged as a biological pathway related to adolescent development. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of baseline inflammatory markers with sleep, circadian preference, and health at baseline and following treatment.

Methods: Participants included 165 adolescents (58.

The influence of intensity and timing of daily light exposure on subjective and objective sleep in adolescents with an evening circadian preference.

Study Objectives: The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between light and sleep, in adolescents with an evening circadian preference.

Methods: For a period of seven days, ninety-nine adolescents wore a wrist actigraph to assess light exposure and objective sleep and completed a sleep diary to assess subjective sleep.

Results: Lower average light intensity across the preceding 24 h was associated with a later sleep onset (p < 0.

Usefulness and utilization of treatment elements from the Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for adolescents with an evening circadian preference.

Objective: Existing research has demonstrated that patient ratings of usefulness and ratings of utilization of treatment elements are associated with treatment outcome. Few studies have examined this relationship among adolescents and with an extended follow-up. This study examined the extent to which elements of the Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention (TranS-C) were rated by youth as useful and utilized 6-months and 12-months after treatment.

Links Between Stress, Sleep, and Inflammation: Are there Sex Differences?

Purpose Of Review: Inflammation has emerged as an important biological process in the development of many age-related diseases that occur at different frequencies in men and women. The aim of this review was to examine the current evidence linking stress and sleep with inflammation with a focus on sex differences.

Recent Findings: Psychosocial stress that occurs either acutely or chronically is associated with elevated levels of systemic inflammation.

Salivary Pubertal Hormones, Sleep Disturbance, and an Evening Circadian Preference in Adolescents: Risk Across Health Domains.

Purpose: Puberty influences biological and psychological development during adolescence. This includes a shift toward an evening circadian preference, which is characterized by greater physical and mental activity at night compared to the morning. This study examines how pubertal hormones are related to risk across key health domains among adolescents with an evening circadian preference.

Modifying the Impact of Eveningness Chronotype ("Night-Owls") in Youth: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To determine whether an intervention to reduce eveningness chronotype improves sleep, circadian, and health (emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, physical) outcomes.

Method: Youth aged 10 to 18 years with an evening chronotype and who were "at risk" in 1 of 5 health domains were randomized to: (a) Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for Youth (TranS-C; n = 89) or (b) Psychoeducation (PE; n = 87) at a university-based clinic. Treatments were 6 individual, weekly 50-minute sessions during the school year.

Dim Light Melatonin Onset and Affect in Adolescents With an Evening Circadian Preference.

Purpose: A shift toward an evening circadian preference and the onset of mood problems often occur during adolescence. Although these changes are linked to poorer outcomes, few studies have considered how positive and negative affect are related to the circadian rhythm during adolescence. This study examined the relationship between evening and morning affect ratings and dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), a measure of endogenous circadian rhythm.

Improving outcome for mental disorders by enhancing memory for treatment.

Patients exhibit poor memory for treatment. A novel Memory Support Intervention, derived from basic science in cognitive psychology and education, is tested with the goal of improving patient memory for treatment and treatment outcome. Adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) were randomized to 14 sessions of cognitive therapy (CT)+Memory Support (n = 25) or CT-as-usual (n = 23).

Insomnia as a transdiagnostic process in psychiatric disorders.

Insomnia is a major public health concern, and is highly comorbid with a broad range of psychiatric disorders. Although insomnia has historically been considered a symptom of other disorders, this perspective has shifted. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that insomnia is related to the onset and course of several psychiatric disorders.