Engagement of the private pharmaceutical sector for TB control: rhetoric or reality?

Background: Private-sector retail drug outlets are often the first point of contact for common health ailments, including tuberculosis (TB). Systematic reviews on public-private mix (PPM) interventions for TB did not perform in-depth reviews specifically on engaging retail drug outlets and related stakeholders in the pharmaceutical sector. Our objective was to better understand the extent to which the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendation on engaging retail drug outlets has been translated into programmatic policy, strategy, and intervention in low- and middle-income countries.

Gender-specific differences in pelvic organ function after proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Significant concern exists regarding the effect of proctectomy on sexual function in patients with IBD. Little is known about gender-specific differences.

Objective: This study aimed to examine sexual function and quality of life in men and women with IBD before and after proctectomy.