Publications by authors named "Emily Collins"

Eye loss is a hallmark trait of animals inhabiting perpetual darkness, such as caves. The Mexican tetra ( provides an unparalleled model for studying the genetic basis of eye loss. There are two interfertile morphs of the Mexican tetra, sighted surface fish and multiple independently evolved eyeless, blind cavefish populations.

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Introduction: Tau-positron emission tomography (PET) outcome data of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) cannot currently be meaningfully compared or combined when different tracers are used due to differences in tracer properties, instrumentation, and methods of analysis.

Methods: Using head-to-head data from five cohorts with tau PET radiotracers designed to target tau deposition in AD, we tested a joint propagation model (JPM) to harmonize quantification (units termed "CenTauR" [CTR]). JPM is a statistical model that simultaneously models the relationships between head-to-head and anchor point data.

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Background: The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of coexisting conditions and exposures in children with nodular tracheobronchitis diagnosed by flexible bronchoscopy.

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective review of 100 children diagnosed with nodular tracheobronchitis by flexible bronchoscopy between 2012 and 2023.

Results: Common coexisting diagnoses included gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, 50%), dysphagia/aspiration (40%), asthma (30%), recurrent croup (30%), tracheostomy dependence (19%) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE) (12%).

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Introduction: Veterans are at risk for mental and physical health problems but may not seek traditional health care services. Wellness-based interventions, including exercise and nutrition, have been associated with improvements in physical and mental health among this population. This study explores the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of a 3-month health and fitness program for veterans.

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Alzheimer's disease is defined by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles potentially preceding clinical symptoms by many years. Previously only detectable post-mortem, these pathological hallmarks are now identifiable using biomarkers, permitting an definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. F-flortaucipir (previously known as F-T807; F-AV-1451) was the first tau positron emission tomography tracer to be introduced and is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved tau positron emission tomography tracer (Tauvid™).

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Adult chimpanzees Tatu and Loulis lived at the Fauna Foundation sanctuary. They had acquired signs of American Sign Language (ASL) while young and continued to use them as adults. Caregivers with proficiency in ASL maintained daily sign language records during interactions and passive observation.

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Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of both amyloid and tau pathology. In vivo diagnosis can be made with amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Emergent evidence supports that amyloid and tau accumulation are associated and that amyloid accumulation may precede that of tau.

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Transient receptor potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel expressed by sensory neurons, where it mediates pain signaling. Consequently, it has emerged as a promising target for novel analgesics, yet, to date, no TRPA1 antagonists have been approved for clinical use. In the present translational study, we utilized dermal blood flow changes evoked by TRPA1 agonist cinnamaldehyde as a target engagement biomarker to investigate the in vivo pharmacology of LY3526318, a novel TRPA1 antagonist.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of donanemab, an antibody targeting amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's patients, as current treatment options are limited.
  • The research involved a large-scale, 18-month clinical trial with 1736 participants diagnosed with early symptomatic Alzheimer disease, conducted across 277 medical centers in 8 countries from June 2020 to April 2023.
  • Results showed that out of 24 assessed outcomes, 23 indicated significant improvement, with the donanemab group demonstrating a notable decrease in cognitive impairment compared to the placebo group over the 76-week period.
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Robotic technologies for rehabilitating motor impairments from neurological injuries have been the focus of intensive research and capital investment for more than 30 years. However, these devices have failed to convincingly demonstrate greater restoration of patient function compared to conventional therapy. Nevertheless, robots have value in reducing the manual effort required for physical therapists to provide high-intensity, high-dose interventions.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study explores how donanemab, a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, affects plasma biomarkers, aiming to assess treatment outcomes in a minimally invasive way.
  • - Conducted from 2017 to 2020, the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ trial involved 1955 participants aged 60-85, with eligibility based on cognitive function and specific biomarker levels.
  • - Results showed significant reductions in certain plasma biomarkers, like phosphorylated tau217 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, after 12 weeks of donanemab treatment, while no changes were noted in other biomarkers like amyloid-β 42/40.
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Here, we report the isolation, whole-genome sequencing, and annotation of four novel Pseudomonas isolates. We also evaluate the biosynthetic potential of each genome.

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Clinical investigations have established that vascular-associated medical conditions are significant risk factors for various kinds of dementia. And yet, we are unable to associate certain types of vascular deficiencies with specific cognitive impairments. The reasons for this are many, not the least of which are that most vascular disorders are multi-factorial and the development of vascular dementia in humans is often a multi-year or multi-decade progression.

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Employee behaviors remain at the center of the cybersecurity of workplaces, despite the challenges they face in doing so. Time pressures and competing demands mean that users tend to rely on habitual behaviors that often run counter to good cybersecurity practice. One possible solution may be to encourage positive habit formation.

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Galcanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide, was recently approved for migraine prophylaxis. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship between galcanezumab concentration and inhibition of capsaicin-induced dermal blood flow (CIDBF) was evaluated using first-in-human data following 6 single subcutaneous doses (1 to 600 mg) or multiple (4) 150-mg doses every 2 weeks in 7 cohorts (7 actively treated subjects and 2 placebo-treated healthy subjects). Galcanezumab pharmacokinetics were best described by a 1-compartment model with delayed first-order absorption/linear elimination.

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In animal communication systems, individuals that detect a cue (i.e., "receivers") are often influenced by characteristics of the cue emitter.

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Since the late 1980s, mice have been repopulated with human hematopoietic cells to study the fundamental biology of human hematopoiesis and immunity, as well as a broad range of human diseases . Multiple mouse recipient strains have been developed and protocols optimized to efficiently generate these "humanized" mice. Here, we review three guiding principles that have been applied to the development of the currently available models: (1) establishing tolerance of the mouse host for the human graft; (2) opening hematopoietic niches so that they can be occupied by human cells; and (3) providing necessary support for human hematopoiesis.

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Substance P (SP) is a tachykinin that regulates airway mucous secretion in both health and disease. Our study aimed to determine whether overexpression of SP without pre-existing inflammation was sufficient to induce changes in mucin secretion and transport in small airways. Utilizing porcine precision-cut lung slices, we measured the impact of AAV-mediated overexpression of SP on airway physiology ex vivo.

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New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What is the impact of airway cholinergic history on the properties of airway mucus secretion in a cystic fibrosis-like environment? What is the main finding and its importance? Prior cholinergic challenge slightly modifies the characteristics of mucus secretion in response to a second cholinergic challenge in a diminished bicarbonate and chloride transport environment. Such modifications might lead to retention of mucus on the airway surface, thereby potentiating exacerbations of airway disease.

Abstract: Viral infections precipitate exacerbations in many airway diseases, including asthma and cystic fibrosis.

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Background: Previous studies found that [F]LSN3316612 was a promising positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for imaging O-GlcNAcase in nonhuman primates and human volunteers. This study sought to further evaluate the suitability of [F]LSN3316612 for human clinical research.

Methods: Kinetic evaluation of [F]LSN3316612 was conducted in a combined set of baseline brain scans from 17 healthy human volunteers and test-retest imaging was conducted in 10 of these volunteers; another 6 volunteers had whole-body scans to measure radiation exposure to body organs.

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Tenacious mucus produced by tracheal and bronchial submucosal glands is a defining feature of several airway diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Airway acidification as a driving force of CF airway pathology has been controversial. Here we tested the hypothesis that transient airway acidification produces pathologic mucus and impairs mucociliary transport.

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We surveyed clinical staff and on-site teachers working at pediatric long-term care facilities regarding prevention and control of acute respiratory infections and influenza in staff and residents. We uncovered knowledge gaps, particularly among teachers and clinical staff working <5 years at sites, thereby elucidating areas for targeted staff education.

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Synopsis of recent research by authors named "Emily Collins"

  • - Emily Collins' recent research focuses on advancements in medical imaging and treatment methodologies, particularly in Alzheimer's disease through the exploration of tau positron emission tomography (PET) to better understand neurodegenerative processes.
  • - She also conducted investigations into pediatric health, revealing significant coexisting conditions in children diagnosed with nodular tracheobronchitis, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive care in affected populations.
  • - Additionally, her work on wellness interventions for veterans highlights the importance of fitness and nutrition programs to mitigate mental and physical health risks in this demographic, showcasing a multidisciplinary approach to health and rehabilitation.