So Many Injections, So Much Waste: Understanding the Environmental Impact of Intravitreal Injections.

To understand the environmental burden associated with intravitreal injections (IVIs) and propose actionable solutions to mitigate this impact. An analysis of current IVI practices was conducted, focusing on packaging waste, energy consumption, the carbon footprint, and disposal processes. Data on the environmental footprint of IVIs were collected from the literature and industry reports.

Occlusive Vasculitis Following Intravitreal Rituximab Injection for Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma.

Purpose: We report three cases of occlusive vasculitis following intravitreal rituximab therapy for biopsy-proven primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL), one of which was following an injection of the biosimilar Riabni (rituximab-arrx, AmGen) and two of which were following an injection of Rituxan (rituximab, Genentech).

Methods: Case series.

Results: Three cases of occlusive vasculitis confirmed with fluorescein angiography are reported 5 days, 8 days, and 3.

Topical corticosteroids for hives and itch (urticaria): Systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Background: Topical corticosteroids are widely used as a treatment for itch and wheals (urticaria), but their benefits and harms are unclear.

Objective: To systematically synthesize the benefits and harms of topical corticosteroids for the treatment of urticaria.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from database inception to March 23, 2024, for randomized trials comparing topical corticosteroids with placebo for patients with urticaria (either chronic spontaneous or inducible urticaria or acute urticaria elicited from skin/intradermal allergy testing).

Leukotriene receptor antagonists as add-on therapy to antihistamines for urticaria: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: The benefits and harms of adding antileukotrienes to H antihistamines (AHs) for the management of urticaria (hives, itch, and/or angioedema) remain unclear.

Objective: We sought to systematically synthesize the treatment outcomes of antileukotrienes in combination with AHs versus AHs alone for acute and chronic urticaria.

Methods: As part of updating American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology and American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters urticaria guidelines, we searched Medline, Embase, Central, LILACS, WPRIM, IBECS, ICTRP, CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, US Food and Drug Administration, and European Medicines Agency databases from inception to December 18, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating antileukotrienes and AHs versus AHs alone in patients with urticaria.

Efficacy and Safety of Systemic Corticosteroids for Urticaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Background: Short courses of adjunctive systemic corticosteroids are commonly used to treat acute urticaria and chronic urticaria flares (both with and without mast cell-mediated angioedema), but their benefits and harms are unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treating acute urticaria or chronic urticaria flares with versus without systemic corticosteroids.

Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and CBM databases from inception to July 8, 2023, for randomized controlled trials of treating urticaria with versus without systemic corticosteroids.

Comparing Clinical Outcomes of Steroid-Sparing Therapy With Rituximab Versus Rituximab Alone in Pemphigus.

Background: Previous clinical trials have demonstrated that rituximab therapy combined with conventional steroid-sparing therapy (SST) has increased rates of disease control for mucous membrane pemphigoid compared with rituximab alone. However, limited data is available regarding the role of SST with rituximab therapy in pemphigus.

Objective: This study aimed to examine clinical outcomes in pemphigus patients treated with rituximab with SST versus without the addition of SST.

Quantitative Sensory Testing to Characterize Sensory Changes in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Skin Lesions.

Importance: Pain is the most impactful symptom in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Characterization of sensory profiles may improve understanding of pain mechanisms in HS and facilitate identification of effective pain management strategies.

Objective: To characterize somatosensory profiles in patients with HS at clinically affected and nonaffected sites compared with pain-free reference data.

Myopic Traction Maculopathy in Low Myopia.

We describe a case of myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) in a patient with low myopia that resolved with surgical intervention. Our patient demonstrated no other features of myopic degeneration and none of the typical tractional elements that cause MTM, such as vitreomacular traction due to partial posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) with vitreomacular adhesion, epiretinal membrane, or a remnant cortical vitreous layer following PVD. Possible pathogenic mechanisms in our patient include reduced compliance of the aging internal limiting membrane and/or traction from elasticity within the thin cortical vitreous layer that forms the posterior wall of the premacular liquefied pocket.

Correlation between PainDETECT Questionnaire and Quantitative Sensory Testing for the Detection of Neuropathic Pain in Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is often severely painful due to nociceptive mechanisms (i.e., stimulation of cutaneous nociceptors).

Planning an artificial intelligence diabetic retinopathy screening program: a human-centered design approach.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in the United States and throughout the world. With early detection and treatment, sight-threatening sequelae from DR can be prevented. Although artificial intelligence (AI) based DR screening programs have been proven to be effective in identifying patients at high risk of vision loss, adoption of AI in clinical practice has been slow.

Efficacy of Smartphone-Based Telescreening for Retinopathy of Prematurity With and Without Artificial Intelligence in India.

Importance: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) telemedicine screening programs have been found to be effective, but they rely on widefield digital fundus imaging (WDFI) cameras, which are expensive, making them less accessible in low- to middle-income countries. Cheaper, smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) systems have been described, but these have a narrower field of view (FOV) and have not been tested in a real-world, operational telemedicine setting.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of SBFI systems compared with WDFI when used by technicians for ROP screening with both artificial intelligence (AI) and human graders.

A Platform for Tracking Surgeon and Observer Gaze as a Surrogate for Attention in Ophthalmic Surgery.

Purpose: To develop and validate a platform that can extract eye gaze metrics from surgeons observing cataract and vitreoretinal procedures and to enable post hoc data analysis to assess potential discrepancies in eye movement behavior according to surgeon experience.

Design: Experimental, prospective, single-center study.

Participants: Eleven ophthalmic surgeons observing deidentified vitreoretinal and cataract surgical procedures performed at a single university-based medical center.

Operationalization of Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening by the Application of the Essential Public Health Services Framework.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading causes of preventable pediatric blindness worldwide. ROP screening programs have been previously implemented in multiple low- and middle-income countries. On a global scale, it is crucial that evidence-based, standardized screening criteria are utilized in the early detection and treatment of ROP.

A Vaccine Targeting Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Glycoprotein B Protects against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever.

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a complex and often fatal disease of ungulates. Effective vaccines are needed to avoid MCF outbreaks and mitigate losses. This study aimed to evaluate a sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF) vaccine candidate targeting ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) glycoprotein B (gB).

Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence System for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening in Nepal and Mongolia.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a deep learning (DL) algorithm for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening in Nepal and Mongolia.

Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected clinical data.

Participants: Clinical information and fundus images were obtained from infants in 2 ROP screening programs in Nepal and Mongolia.

Feature Tracking and Segmentation in Real Time via Deep Learning in Vitreoretinal Surgery: A Platform for Artificial Intelligence-Mediated Surgical Guidance.

Purpose: This study investigated whether a deep-learning neural network can detect and segment surgical instrumentation and relevant tissue boundaries and landmarks within the retina using imaging acquired from a surgical microscope in real time, with the goal of providing image-guided vitreoretinal (VR) microsurgery.

Design: Retrospective analysis via a prospective, single-center study.

Participants: One hundred and one patients undergoing VR surgery, inclusive of core vitrectomy, membrane peeling, and endolaser application, in a university-based ophthalmology department between July 1, 2020, and September 1, 2021.

Optometrist's perspectives of Artificial Intelligence in eye care.

Purpose: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosing and managing ocular disease has gained popularity as research highlights the utilization of AI to improve personalized medicine and healthcare outcomes. The objective of this study is to describe current optometric perspectives of AI in eye care.

Methods: Members of the American Academy of Optometry were sent an electronic invitation to complete a 17-item survey.

External Validation of a Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Model Using Artificial Intelligence in 3 Low- and Middle-Income Populations.

Importance: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of preventable blindness that disproportionately affects children born in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In-person and telemedical screening examinations can reduce this risk but are challenging to implement in LMICs owing to the multitude of at-risk infants and lack of trained ophthalmologists.

Objective: To implement an ROP risk model using retinal images from a single baseline examination to identify infants who will develop treatment-requiring (TR)-ROP in LMIC telemedicine programs.

Variability in Plus Disease Diagnosis using Single and Serial Images.

Purpose: To assess changes in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) diagnosis in single and serial retinal images.

Design: Cohort study.

Participants: Cases of ROP recruited from the Imaging and Informatics in Retinopathy of Prematurity (i-ROP) consortium evaluated by 7 graders.