Does the Bayley-4 measure the same constructs across girls and boys and infants, toddlers, and preschoolers?

This study tested the assumption that the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Fourth Edition (Bayley-4) functions similarly for boys and girls and for four age groups. The Bayley-4 American norming sample of 1,700 children ages 0-42 months (3.5 years) was used, which included 50% boys and girls.

Ultrasound, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance imaging to study hyperacute pathophysiology of traumatic and vascular brain injury.

Background And Purpose: Cerebrovascular dynamics and pathomechanisms that evolve in the minutes and hours following traumatic vascular injury in the brain remain largely unknown. We investigated the pathophysiology evolution in mice within the first 3 hours after closed-head traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), two significant traumatic vascular injuries.

Methods: We took a multimodal imaging approach using photoacoustic imaging, color Doppler ultrasound, and MRI to track injury outcomes using a variety of metrics.

Metabolic and physical function are improved with lifelong 15% calorie restriction in aging male mice.

Chronic calorie restriction (CR) results in lengthened lifespan and reduced disease risk. Many previous studies have implemented 30-40% calorie restriction to investigate these benefits. The goal of our study was to investigate the effects of calorie restriction, beginning at 4 months of age, on metabolic and physical changes induced by aging.

Amyloid- disrupts unitary calcium entry through endothelial NMDA receptors in mouse cerebral arteries.

Transient increases in intracellular Ca activate endothelium-dependent vasodilatory pathways. This process is impaired in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, where amyloid- accumulates around blood vessels. In neurons, amyloid- impairs the Ca-permeable N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a mediator of endothelium-dependent dilation in arteries.