A Game-Based Tool for Reducing Jargon Use by Medical Trainees.

Introduction: Physicians can be unaware that many US adults have intermediate or lower health literacy. Avoiding medical jargon in patient communication can improve poor outcomes associated with lower health literacy, but physicians may struggle to do so as health literacy education is neither standardized nor universal at US allopathic medical schools. As with other skills-based proficiencies in medical education, repeat exposure and active learning help build competency.

Outcomes of a Standardized Pain Pathway for Transgender Patients Undergoing Vaginoplasty and Vulvoplasty.

Objective: To establish and evaluate a multimodal, opioid-minimizing pathway for gender-affirming vaginoplasty (GAVa) and vulvoplasty (GAVu) in treating postoperative pain.

Methods: A standardized pain pathway including opioids, non-opioid analgesics, and patient counseling was implemented at a single academic institution with a center for transgender care. Postoperative pain levels, analgesia methods, and opioid use for 84 GAVa and 64 GAVu patients were prospectively gathered during inpatient postoperative days 2-4 and outpatient follow-up at 2 weeks.

Risks associated with chronic cannabis use on opioid use, length of stay, and revision rate for patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion.

Background Context: Opioids are commonly prescribed to treat spinal pain, especially those undergoing surgery. Cannabis has been suggested as an agent that can modulate opioid needs in these patients.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of cannabis use on perioperative opioid requirement and revision surgery rate in patients undergoing lumbar fusion.

Robust intrinsic differences in mitochondrial respiration and HO emission between L6 and C2C12 cells.

Rat L6 and mouse C2C12 cell lines are commonly used to investigate myocellular metabolism. Mitochondrial characteristics of these cell lines remain poorly understood despite mitochondria being implicated in the development of various metabolic diseases. To address this need, we performed high-resolution respirometry to determine rates of oxygen consumption and HO emission in suspended myoblasts during multiple substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration protocols.