Head-impact mechanisms in men's and women's collegiate ice hockey.

Context: Concussion injury rates in men's and women's ice hockey are reported to be among the highest of all collegiate sports. Quantification of the frequency of head impacts and the magnitude of head acceleration as a function of the different impact mechanisms (eg, head contact with the ice) that occur in ice hockey could provide a better understanding of this high injury rate.

Objective: To quantify and compare the per-game frequency and magnitude of head impacts associated with various impact mechanisms in men's and women's collegiate ice hockey players.

Photonic integrated circuit optical buffer for packet-switched networks.

A chip-scale optical buffer performs autonomous contention resolution for 40-byte packets with 99% packet recovery. The buffer consists of a fast, InP-based 2 x 2 optical switch and a silica-on-silicon low loss delay loop. The buffer is demonstrated in recirculating operation, but may be reconfigured in feed-forward operation for longer packet lengths.

SOA gate array recirculating buffer with fiber delay loop.

We present a compact variable delay buffer for storage of 40 byte packets. The recirculating buffer is based on an InP SOA gate array two-by-two switch which provides greater than 40 dB of extinction, sub-nanosecond switching, and fiber-to-fiber gain. The switch is used with a fiber delay loop 450 centimeters, or 23 ns, in length.