Safety and immunogenicity of an optimized self-replicating RNA platform for low dose or single dose vaccine applications: a randomized, open label Phase I study in healthy volunteers.

Self-replicating RNA (srRNA) technology, in comparison to mRNA vaccines, has shown dose-sparing by approximately 10-fold and more durable immune responses. However, no improvements are observed in the adverse events profile. Here, we develop an srRNA vaccine platform with optimized non-coding regions and demonstrate immunogenicity and safety in preclinical and clinical development.

Ultrasonographic appearance of retained surgical sponges and gauzes in the acute postoperative period: a phantom and cadaveric study.

Retained surgical sponges or gauzes (RSS) are an uncommon complication of exploratory laparotomy surgery and pose a clinically significant risk to the patient. The purpose of this two-part, prospective, descriptive study was to describe the previously uncharacterized ultrasonographic appearance of RSS in phantom and cadaveric models of the acute postoperative period (24-48 h). For the first part of the study, a gelatin phantom containing a woven gauze with a radiopaque marker (radiopaque gauze), a woven gauze with no marker (nonradiopaque gauze), and a laparotomy sponge with a radiopaque marker (radiopaque sponge) was evaluated with ultrasonography.

Computed tomographic features of confirmed gallbladder pathology in 34 dogs.

Gallbladder pathology is common in dogs, but published studies describing the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of many gallbladder pathologies are currently lacking. This retrospective, multicenter, cases series, descriptive study evaluated the CT features of confirmed gallbladder pathology in 34 dogs. In this subset of dogs, the most common pathologies included cystic mucosal hyperplasia (15/34, 44.

Concurrent bullous emphysema, bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrosis, and tension pneumothorax in an 8-week-old puppy.

An 8-week-old, male, mixed breed puppy was presented because of progressive respiratory distress. Thoracic radiographs revealed innumerable coalescing pulmonary bullae throughout the lungs with increased soft tissue opacity of the remaining pulmonary parenchyma and tension pneumothorax. Necropsy and histopathological findings were compatible with bullous emphysema and marked neutrophilic to histiocytic bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrosis, bronchiectasis, fibrosis, dystrophic mineralization, and vasculitis with thrombosis.

Arthritis self-efficacy scale scores in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing arthritis self-management education with or without exercise.

Study Design: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate studies that used arthritis self-management education alone or with exercise to improve Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale scores of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Background: Increasing self-efficacy may improve patient knee osteoarthritis symptom management and function.

Collagen meniscus implantation: a systematic review including rehabilitation and return to sports activity.

Purpose: To determine collagen meniscus implant (CMI) efficacy for improving patient function, symptoms, and activity level. Study methodologies, rehabilitation, and return to sports guidelines were also reviewed.

Methods: MedLine, EMBASE, CINAHL, Life Science Citations, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from January 1995-May 2011 using the term collagen meniscal or meniscus implant.

Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation: a systematic review including rehabilitation and return-to-sports efficacy.

Purpose: We systematically reviewed the evaluated efficacy of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, rehabilitation, and patient outcomes for safely returning patients to sports.

Methods: We performed a literature search using the Ovid Medline database from 1950 to present, as well as the SportDiscus and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases. Only English-language studies that described MPFL reconstruction or repair, rehabilitation, and patient outcome information were included.

Osseous deficits after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction: a systematic literature review with suggestions to improve osseous homeostasis.

Purpose: This systematic review was performed to improve our understanding of the current evidence regarding the influence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction on involved lower extremity apparent bone mineral density, bone content, or bone area mass (bone integrity).

Methods: Two independent reviewers performed a Medline search from 1966 to January 2010 using the terms "anterior cruciate ligament" or "ACL" combined with "wound" or "injury" and "bone density" or "osteoporosis." Study inclusion criteria were English-language human studies.

Biomechanical evaluation of a medial knee reconstruction with comparison of bioabsorbable interference screw constructs and optimization with a cortical button.

Current fixation techniques in medial knee reconstructions predominantly utilize interference screws alone for soft tissue graft fixation. The use of concurrent fixation techniques as part of a hybrid fixation technique has also been suggested to strengthen soft tissue fixation, although these hybrid fixation techniques have not been biomechanically validated. The purpose was to biomechanically evaluate two distal tibial superficial MCL graft fixation techniques that consisted of an interference screw alone and in combination with a cortical button.

Update on rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction.

As anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has evolved to less invasive, more anatomical approaches, rehabilitation of the injured athlete has likewise become more progressive and innovative, with a sound understanding of graft and fixation strength and biologic healing-remodeling constraints. This review discusses these innovations including specific considerations before surgery, when planning rehabilitation timetables, and the importance of reestablishing nonimpaired active and passive knee range of motion and biarticular musculotendinous extensibility in positions of function. Concepts of self-efficacy or confidence and reestablishing the "athlete role" are also addressed.

Sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve in relation to a medial knee ligament repair or reconstruction.

Surgical approaches to repair or reconstruct the medial knee structures note caution to avoid the sartorial branch of saphenous nerve. However, the approximate area of potential iatrogenic nerve injury has not been previously described in relation to landmarks for a medial knee reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to define the course of the sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve in relation to the superficial medial collateral ligament.

Patient outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: the influence of psychological factors.

Despite reports demonstrating good-to-excellent results, only 65% to 70% of patients return to their preinjury level of sports activity following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Psychological factors may contribute to this performance disparity.