Erratum: The Gut Microbiome: Human Health and Inflammatory Skin Diseases.

[This corrects the article on p. 265 in vol. 32.

The Gut Microbiome: Human Health and Inflammatory Skin Diseases.

The human microbiome is a rich environment consisting of bacteria, fungi and other commensal microorganisms of the gut, mucosa and skin. The functional role of the gut microbiome includes facilitation in metabolism of macronutrients, maturation of the immune system, and production of pro- or anti-inflammatory signaling molecules and peptides. The identification of these resident organisms has brought about a new understanding of disease processes.

DAPLE protein inhibits nucleotide exchange on Gα and Gα via the same motif that activates Gαi.

Besides being regulated by G-protein-coupled receptors, the activity of heterotrimeric G proteins is modulated by many cytoplasmic proteins. GIV/Girdin and DAPLE (vl-ssociating rotein with a high frequency of ucine) are the best-characterized members of a group of cytoplasmic regulators that contain a Gα-binding and -activating (GBA) motif and whose dysregulation underlies human diseases, including cancer and birth defects. GBA motif-containing proteins were originally reported to modulate G proteins by binding Gα subunits of the G family (Gα) over other families (such as G, G, or G), and promoting nucleotide exchange However, some evidence suggests that this is not always the case, as phosphorylation of the GBA motif of GIV promotes its binding to Gα and inhibits nucleotide exchange.