Circulating Variants of SARS-CoV-2 Among Macedonian COVID - 19 Patients in the First Year of Pandemic.

Genomic epidemiology has proven to be a useful tool for investigating pandemic outbreaks and tracking pathogen spread and evolution. This study describes the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 strains in N. Macedonia during a period of one year, encompassing three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Alström Syndrome with Early Vision and Hearing Impairement.

Alström syndrome (ALMS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple organ involvement, including progressive cone-rod dystrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, childhood obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pathogenic variants in the ALMS1 gene are the known cause for the occurrence of this devastating condition. Here we report on a 12 year old boy referred to the University Clinic with early signs of impaired hearing and vision, obesity, and scoliosis.

Orthodontic Treatment of a Periodontally - Affected Adult Patient (Case Report).

Background: The advanced periodontal disease is characterised by a strongly pronounced loss of attachment and reduction of the alveolar bone support, which leads to luxation, migration of the teeth, functional discomfort and poor facial aesthetics.

Case Presentation: The aim of this paper is to present the case of a 26-year-old female patient, registered at the Clinic of Periodontology with highly expressed gingivitis, unsatisfactory periodontal status, presence of diastemas between the frontal teeth and attachment loss of 5-6 millimetres in different areas. We conducted a thorough classic periodontal treatment, as well as training for proper maintenance of oral hygiene, with frequent professional oral-prophylactic sessions, complemented with orthodontic treatment.

The Effects of NBF Gingival Gel Application in the Treatment of the Erosive Lichen Planus: Case Report.

The therapy of erosive lichen planus (ELP) has been particular problem in the treatment of oral lesions. This case of ELP in male patient 29 years old was treated with topic application of the NBF gingival gel, three times a day after meal, previously rinsed with Clorhexidine gluconate 0.12%.

White spot lesions: prevention and management during the orthodontic treatment.

The formation of white spot lesions, or enamel demineralization, around fixed orthodontic attachments is a common complication during and following fixed orthodontic treatment, which marks the result of a successfully completed case. This article is a contemporary review of the risk factors and preventive methods of these orthodontics scars. Preventive programmes must be emphasized to all orthodontic patients.

Therapeutic effect of proaftol in treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Unlabelled: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a quite frequent, painful, ulcerative disease that affects the lining of the oral cavity and has an unknown etiology. The aim of this article is to examine the impact of the medication proaftol on epithelization speed and severity of pain in patients with RAS. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study respondents were divided into two groups where one group was treated with proaftol spray and the other with a placebo.

Evaluation of buffer capacity of saliva in caries-free and caries-active children.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the physicochemical properties of saliva, such as buffering capacity, in caries-free and caries-active children.

Material And Method: Eighty children aged 12-14 years were included in this study. They were divided into two groups: a caries-free and a caries-active group, with 40 children in each group.