Saliva Samples as a Potential Tool for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Children Undergoing Transplantation.

Background: Regular monitoring of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in children who undergo transplantation is performed by molecular testing on blood samples. This highlights the need to explore noninvasive alternatives, such as saliva. The present study evaluated the usefulness of saliva samples for detecting and monitoring CMV reactivation in children undergoing transplantation at a referral center in Lima, Peru.

Down syndrome and outcomes in critically ill pediatric patients.

Introduction: Information regarding children with Down syndrome (DS) in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) is limited and conflicting. We aimed to investigate the association between DS and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients admitted to the PICU at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (National Institute for Child Health, INSN for the acronym in Spanish) and to assess nutritional status within the study cohort.

Methods: This study involved the secondary analysis of a database.

Long-term facial symmetry after pediatric mandibular reconstruction using the vascularized fibula free flap: A photogrammetric analysis.

Background: The fibula free flap is the standard of care in the reconstruction of large mandibular defects in pediatric patients, enabling adequate restoration of the facial contour. However, the unpredictable growth potential of the reconstructed mandible could influence the preservation of the initially restored symmetry over time. Being mindful of the importance of facial appearance during developmental stages, this study aimed to evaluate the long-term facial symmetry after mandible reconstruction using this technique in growing patients.

Pulmonary imaging in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a series of 140 Latin American children.

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which resulted in the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic of 2020, has particularly affected Latin America.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to analyze the imaging findings of pulmonary COVID-19 in a large pediatric series.

Materials And Methods: Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by either quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal swabs or presence of circulating immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and who underwent chest radiograph or CT or both were included in this retrospective multicenter study.

Cryopreservation modulates the detection of regulatory T cell markers.

Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) modulate the host response in infectious diseases and are key mediators of peripheral tolerance. Cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is commonly used in immunological field studies where access to complex laboratory tests is not feasible. Our objective is to assess the effects of cryopreservation on the flow cytometric detection of surface and intracellular markers of Tregs.

Evidence-based medicine training in a resource-poor country, the importance of leveraging personal and institutional relationships.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: Efforts to implement evidence-based medicine (EBM) training in developing countries are limited. We describe the results of an international effort to improve research capacity in a developing country; we conducted a course aimed at improving basic EBM attitudes and identified challenges.

Method: Between 2005 and 2009, we conducted an annual 3-day course in Perú consisting of interactive lectures and case-based workshops.