Dietary habits, lifestyle, and gestational diabetes in immigrant women: a survey in Northwestern Tuscany (Central Italy).

Background: immigrant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have additional language and cultural obstacles in following lifestyle and dietary recommendations within a Western health care setting.

Objectives: to describe: • sociodemographic characteristics and dietary and lifestyle behaviours in Italian and immigrant pregnant women who underwent a GDM screening; • any differences in these aspects among GDM Italian and immigrant women; • any differences in terms of primary maternal-neonatal outcomes among GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) cohorts.

Design: survey.

Risk and adverse outcomes of gestational diabetes in migrants: A population cohort study.

Aims: To evaluate the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) and of neonatal/maternal complications (macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA), cesarean sections, preterm deliveries, neonatal distress and fetal malformations) among women coming from High Migration Pressure Countries (HMPC), compared to native (Italian) mothers.

Methods: Risks of GDM and related neonatal/maternal complications were evaluated in a cohort of 581,073 Italian compared with 105,111 HMPC women of age 15-45 yr, resident in Tuscany, Italy along years 2012-2017, delivering 122,652 singleton live births (18,596 from HMPC mothers).

Results: HMPC women, compared to Italian ones, were at higher risk of GDM (OR: 1.

Preventing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in women with gestational diabetes - The evidence and potential strategies.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a condition strongly related to the development of type 2 diabetes later in life, although the risk and the onset have not been fully identified yet. Although glucose tolerance returns to normal levels after delivery in the majority of women with GDM, this condition represents an early stage in the natural history of T2DM. In addition, women with previous GDM exhibit an increased cardiovascular risk profile and a raised incidence of cardiovascular diseases.

Screening for gestational diabetes in Tuscany, Italy. A population study.

Aims: According to current Italian guidelines, only women at higher risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) are eligible for receiving a glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during pregnancy. This study evaluates the compliance to national guidelines, additionally proposing an algorithm able to identify women with GDM.

Methods: The study included 23,270 pregnant women aged >15yr, resident in Tuscany, a region in central Italy, delivering in year 2015, identified by certificates of care at delivery.

How much weight are women gaining during pregnancy? An Italian cohort study.

Introduction: The 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines define adequate gestational weight gain (GWG) in the attempt to prevent maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether the IOM guidelines are met in pregnant women with different pre-gestational body mass index (BMI).

Methods: The study included 230 pregnant women recruited at the University Hospital of Pisa (Italy) at their screening visit (24-28 weeks of gestation) for gestational diabetes (GDM).

Selective screening for GDM in Italy: application and effectiveness of National Guidelines.

In September 2011 the Italian Public Health Authority established selective screening for GDM to be performed based on the presence of risk factors. In a cohort of 2552 Caucasian pregnant women we evaluated to which extent the new national guidelines (NGL) are correctly applied; moreover we estimated the prevalence of GDM assessed by NGL. Our data show that the NGL are still properly implemented since the screening test was performed in nearly the totality of the women at 24th and 28th week of gestation.

1-Hour OGTT Plasma Glucose as a Marker of Progressive Deterioration of Insulin Secretion and Action in Pregnant Women.

Considering old GDM diagnostic criteria, alterations in insulin secretion and action are present in women with GDM as well as in women with one abnormal value (OAV) during OGTT. Our aim is to assess if changes in insulin action and secretion during pregnancy are related to 1-hour plasma glucose concentration during OGTT. We evaluated 3 h/100 g OGTT in 4,053 pregnant women, dividing our population on the basis of 20 mg/dL increment of plasma glucose concentration at 1 h OGTT generating 5 groups (<120 mg/dL, n = 661; 120-139 mg/dL, n = 710; 140-159 mg/dL, n = 912; 160-179 mg/dL, n = 885; and ≥180 mg/dL, n = 996).