Adaptation to European Spanish and psychometric properties of the Patient Activation Measure 13 in patients with chronic diseases.

Background: The 13-item Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13) is an instrument that assesses people's knowledge, skills and confidence for self-management of their health and health care. Scores on the PAM-13 have been shown to predict adherence to health behaviours, health-related outcomes and health care costs.

Objectives: To develop a European Spanish adaptation of the original PAM-13 and to examine its psychometric properties in a sample of chronic patients.

A Latin American, Portuguese and Spanish consensus on a core communication curriculum for undergraduate medical education.

Background: To present learning outcomes in clinical communication for a Core Curriculum for medical undergraduate students in Latin America, Portugal and Spain (LAPS-CCC) and to establish an expert network to support a transnational implementation.

Methods: Through an iterative process, an international group of 15 experts developed an initial set of learning outcomes following a review and discussion of relevant international and local literature. A two-round Delphi survey involving 46 experts from 8 countries was performed.

[Ozone therapy: a potential adjunct approach to lower urinary tract infection? A case series report].

Multi-resistant drug bacteria are an emerging health care concern around the world. A decreased resistance to infection as seen in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and kidney transplanted patients as well as some metabolic abnormalities such as hyperglycemia and glycosuria or clinical conditions such as the neurogenic bladder may indeed portend a great risk of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI). The common and indiscriminate use of antibiotics often provides the patients with only a transient or partial amelioration of the urinary tract discomforts and increases the risk of multi-resistant drug bacteria selection.