Sociodemographic, clinical, and immunological factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and severe COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Factors affecting outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV are unclear. We assessed the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and severe outcomes among people living with HIV.

Methods: We did a retrospective cohort study using data from the PISCIS cohort of people with HIV in Catalonia (Spain) between March 1 and Dec 15, 2020.

Osteoarticular Cryptococcosis Successfully Treated with High-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B Followed by Oral Fluconazole.

Background: Skeletal involvement of is infrequent and usually associated with disseminated cryptococcosis or underlying predisposing conditions. We present an atypical case of osteoarticular cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent patient.

Case Presentation: We herein report a case of bone and soft tissue cryptococcal infection in a 42-year-old male from Pakistan with well-controlled diabetes without other associated immunodeficiencies treated with antifungal therapy without surgical debridement.

Review: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly emerging viral infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have garnered unprecedented attention as potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19 following several small clinical trials, uncontrolled case series, and public figure endorsements. While there is a growing body of scientific data, there is also concern for harm, particularly QTc prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias.

Clinico-pathological discrepancies in the diagnosis of causes of death in adults in Mozambique: A retrospective observational study.

Background: Clinico-pathological discrepancies are more frequent in settings in which limited diagnostic techniques are available, but there is little information on their actual impact.

Aim: We assessed the accuracy of the clinical diagnoses in a tertiary referral hospital in sub-Saharan Africa by comparison with post-mortem findings. We also identified potential risk factors for misdiagnoses.

Age-related comorbidities and mortality in people living with HIV in rural Tanzania.

Objective: Causes of morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV are changing with access to antiretroviral therapy and increased life expectancy. Age-related data on comorbidities and their impact on mortality in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce.

Design: This prospective analysis evaluated comorbidities, assessed by means of International Classification of Diseases and Related Health problems 10th revision codes and clinical variables, derived from data collected from the Kilombero & Ulanga antiretroviral cohort of people living with HIV in rural Tanzania.

Using dried blood spots to facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretroviral drugs in resource-poor regions.

Objectives: We evaluated whether dried blood spots (DBS) are suitable to monitor combined ART when samples are collected in rural Tanzania and transported over a long distance to a specialized bioanalytical laboratory.

Methods: Plasma and DBS samples were collected in Tanzania from study patients treated with nevirapine, efavirenz or lopinavir. In addition, plasma, whole blood and DBS samples were obtained from a cohort of HIV patients at the site of the bioanalytical laboratory in Switzerland.

AMBITION-cm: intermittent high dose AmBisome on a high dose fluconazole backbone for cryptococcal meningitis induction therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a leading cause of mortality among HIV-infected individuals in Africa. Poor outcomes from conventional antifungal therapies, unavailability of flucytosine, and difficulties administering 14 days of amphotericin B are key drivers of this mortality. Novel treatment regimes are needed.

[Rhabdomyolysis and severe hepatotoxicity due to a drug-drug interaction between ritonavir and simvastatin. Could we use the most cost-effective statin in all human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients?].

Introduction: Drugs like statins may induce rhabdomyolysis. Simvastatin and lovastatin have a high hepatic metabolism and their potential toxicity could be increased by interactions with other drugs that reduce their metabolism.

Patients And Methods: A case-report is presented of an HIV-infected patient treated with antiretroviral drugs who developed a rhabdomyolysis-induced renal failure and liver toxicity when simvastatin was substituted for atorvastatin.

Uptake of guidelines on prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in rural Tanzania: time for change.

Guidelines on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are inconsistently implemented in low-income countries. Strategies are needed to improve the uptake of these guidelines to prevent avoidable new HIV infections of infants. In 2010 the World Health Organisation presented its new PMTCT guidelines, offering two options for short courses of antiretroviral prophylaxis: Option A and Option B.

A 10 year study of the cause of death in children under 15 years in Manhiça, Mozambique.

Background: Approximately 46 million of the estimated 60 million deaths that occur in the world each year take place in developing countries. Further, this mortality is highest in Sub-Saharan Africa, although causes of mortality in this region are not well documented. The objective of this study is to describe the most frequent causes of mortality in children under 15 years of age in the demographic surveillance area of the Manhiça Health Research Centre, between 1997 and 2006, using the verbal autopsy tool.